\begin{thebibliography}{100}
\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi: #1}\else
  \providecommand{\doi}{doi: \begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi

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\newblock Sero-prevalence of anti-{S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 antibodies in {A}ddis
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\newblock \emph{bio{R}xiv}, 2020.
\newblock \doi{10.1101/2020.10.13.337287}.

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\newblock \emph{The {L}ancet {G}lobal {H}ealth}, 9\penalty0 (7):\penalty0
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\newblock Serotracker: a global {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 seroprevalence
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\newblock \emph{The {L}ancet {I}nfectious {D}iseases}, 21\penalty0
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\bibitem[Axfors and Ioannidis(2021)]{axfors2021infection}
Cathrine Axfors and John~PA Ioannidis.
\newblock Infection fatality rate of {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 in community-dwelling
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\newblock \emph{medRxiv}, 2021.

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\newblock Comparison of estimated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
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\newblock \emph{Clinical Infectious Diseases}, 2020.

\bibitem[Banaji(2021)]{banaji2021estimating}
Murad Banaji.
\newblock Estimating {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 infection fatality rate in {M}umbai
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\newblock \emph{medRxiv}, 2021.

\bibitem[Barchuk et~al.(2020)]{barchuk2020seroprevalence}
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\newblock \emph{med{R}xiv}, 2020.

\bibitem[Bastian(2021)]{hilda}
Hilda Bastian.
\newblock Peering through the smoke at a duel over {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}’s
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\bibitem[Berger(2013)]{berger2013statistical}
James~O Berger.
\newblock \emph{Statistical decision theory and {B}ayesian analysis}.
\newblock Springer Science \& Business Media, 2013.

\bibitem[Berlin(1995)]{berlin1995invited}
Josse~A Berlin.
\newblock Invited commentary: benefits of heterogeneity in meta-analysis of
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\newblock Estimated community seroprevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2
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\newblock \emph{Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report}, 69\penalty0
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\bibitem[Bobrovitz et~al.(2021)]{bobrovitz2020global}
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\newblock Global seroprevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 antibodies: a
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\bibitem[Brazeau et~al.(2020)]{brazeau2020report}
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\bibitem[Brody-Moore(2019)]{brody2019bayesian}
Peter Brody-Moore.
\newblock Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis of asymptomatic {E}bola
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\newblock C{M{C} {S}enior {T}heses. 2228.
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\bibitem[Brownstein and Chen(2021)]{brownstein2021predictive}
Naomi~C Brownstein and Yian~Ann Chen.
\newblock Predictive values, uncertainty, and interpretation of serology tests
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\newblock \emph{Scientific {R}eports}, 11\penalty0 (1):\penalty0 1--12, 2021.

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\bibitem[Campbell et~al.(2020)]{campbell2020bayesian}
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\newblock Bayesian adjustment for preferential testing in estimating the
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\newblock \emph{Annals of {A}pplied {S}tatistics}, 2020.

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\newblock Seroprevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 among adults in three
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\newblock \emph{med{R}xiv}, 2020.

\bibitem[Chan et~al.(2021)]{chan2021seroprevalence}
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\bibitem[Chen et~al.(2021)]{chen2021serological}
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\newblock Serological evidence of human infection with {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2:
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\newblock \emph{The {L}ancet {G}lobal {H}ealth}, 9\penalty0 (5):\penalty0
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\bibitem[Clapham et~al.(2020)]{clapham2020seroepidemiologic}
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\bibitem[Danis et~al.(2020)]{danis2020high}
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\newblock An exercise in mega-silliness.
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\bibitem[Faust(2020)]{faust2020}
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\newblock Comparing {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 deaths to flu deaths is like comparing
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\newblock Scientific {A}merican, \url{https://tinyurl.com/ydxx8el8 }, 2020.

\bibitem[Geddie and Aravindan(2020)]{reutsingapore}
John Geddie and Aradhana Aravindan.
\newblock Why is {S}ingapore's {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 death rate the world's
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\newblock Reuters,
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\bibitem[Gelman and Loken(2013)]{gelman2013garden}
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\newblock The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a
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\newblock \emph{Department of Statistics, Columbia University}, 348, 2013.

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\bibitem[{Govern d'Andorra}(2020)]{andorra}
{Govern d'Andorra}.
\newblock Els tests d’anticossos permeten diagnosticar 78 positius de la
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\newblock available at \url{https://tinyurl.com/dybe27uk} (accessed October 25,
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\bibitem[He et~al.(2021)]{he2021seroprevalence}
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\newblock Seroprevalence and humoral immune durability of
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\newblock \emph{The {L}ancet}, 397\penalty0 (10279):\penalty0 1075--1084, 2021.

\bibitem[Higgins(2008)]{higgins2008commentary}
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\newblock Commentary: Heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be expected and
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\newblock \emph{International {J}ournal of {E}pidemiology}, 37\penalty0
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\bibitem[Horby et~al.(2017)]{horby2017consise}
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\newblock \emph{Influenza and other respiratory viruses}, 11\penalty0
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\bibitem[Ioannidis(2020)]{iao2020}
John~P.A. Ioannidis.
\newblock {F}irst {O}pinion: A fiasco in the making? as the coronavirus
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\newblock {S}{T}{A}{T}, \url{https://tinyurl.com/uj539o4 }, 2020.

\bibitem[Ioannidis(2021{\natexlab{a}})]{ioannidis2021infection}
John~PA Ioannidis.
\newblock Infection fatality rate of {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 inferred from
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\newblock \emph{Bulletin of the {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization}, 99\penalty0
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\bibitem[Ioannidis(2021{\natexlab{b}})]{ioannidis2021reconciling}
John~PA Ioannidis.
\newblock Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates
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\newblock \emph{European {J}ournal of {C}linical {I}nvestigation}, page e13554,
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\bibitem[Ioannidis and Lau(1998)]{ioannidis1998can}
John~PA Ioannidis and Joseph Lau.
\newblock Can quality of clinical trials and meta-analyses be quantified?
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\bibitem[Kar et~al.(2021)]{kar2021prevalence}
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\bibitem[Karlinsky and Kobak(2021)]{karlinsky2021world}
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\newblock Tracking excess mortality across countries during the
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\newblock \emph{eLife}, 10:\penalty0 e69336, June 2021.
\newblock ISSN 2050-084X.
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\newblock \emph{Clinical {M}icrobiology and {I}nfection}, 2021.

\bibitem[Kruschke(2014)]{kruschke2014doing}
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\newblock Academic Press, 2014.

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\newblock \url{https://matthias-k.github.io/BayesianHeinsberg.html}, 2020.

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\bibitem[Leon et~al.(2020)]{leon2020covid}
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\bibitem[Levin et~al.(2021)]{levin2021assessing}
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\newblock Incubation period and other epidemiological characteristics of 2019
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\bibitem[Lipsitch(2020)]{marc2020}
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\newblock {F}irst {O}pinion: We know enough now to act decisively against
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\newblock {S}{T}{A}{T}, \url{https://tinyurl.com/yx4gf9mr}, 2020.

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\newblock Excess mortality in {W}uhan city and other parts of china during the
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\bibitem[{Mahajan et al.}(2021)]{mahajan2021seroprevalence}
{Mahajan et al.}
\newblock Seroprevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2-specific {I}g{G} antibodies
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\newblock \emph{The {A}merican {J}ournal of {M}edicine}, 134\penalty0
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\bibitem[Malani et~al.(2021)]{malani2021seroprevalence}
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\newblock Seroprevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 in slums versus non-slums in
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\newblock \emph{The {L}ancet {G}lobal {H}ealth}, 9\penalty0 (2):\penalty0
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\bibitem[Meyerowitz-Katz and Merone(2020)]{meyerowitz2020systematic}
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\newblock A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on
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\newblock \emph{International {J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
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\newblock ISSN 1201-9712.
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\bibitem[Ministry of Health~of Israel(2020)]{israel}
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\newblock National sero-epidemiological coverage for {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19.
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\newblock \emph{Frontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth}, 9:\penalty0 477, 2021.

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\bibitem[{Murhekar et al.}(2020)]{murhekar2020prevalence}
{Murhekar et al.}
\newblock Prevalence of {S}{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 infection in {I}ndia: Findings
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\newblock Seroprevalence of s{A}{R}{S}-{C}o{V}-2 {I}g{G} antibodies in
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\newblock Serial population-based sero-surveys for {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 in low
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\newblock Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of
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\newblock Coronavirus ({C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19) infection survey: England.
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\newblock \emph{PloS one}, 16\penalty0 (2):\penalty0 e0246513, 2021.

\bibitem[Pastor-Barriuso et~al.(2020)]{pastor2020sars}
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\newblock Overall burden and characteristics of {C}{O}{V}{I}{D}-19 in the
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\bibitem[Pietzonka et~al.(2021)]{pietzonka2021bayesian}
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\newblock Bayesian inference across multiple models suggests a strong increase
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\newblock \emph{med{R}xiv}, 2021.

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