Country Year Population R&D-stock R&D-stockpercapita R&D-stockpercapita(t+1/t) G H I J K "Austria" 2004.0 8193.157 87981.86602470938 10.738457230187263 0.0 "" "Population = Number of inhabitants in the country (thousands)" "" "Austria" 2005.0 8238.604 93130.67942223845 11.304182046162003 1.052682131506229 "" "R&D-stock = Accumulated public R&D expenditures to renewable energy sources (million Euro in 2013 prices)" "" "Austria" 2006.0 8277.393 99463.6114800146 12.016296855787154 1.0629956954618338 "" "Each year's R&D expenditures add to the stock with a two-year time lag. The stock depreciates by 10 percent each year. " "" "Austria" 2007.0 8311.463 105949.25033201315 12.747364733743405 1.0608396985136201 "" "Source data have been retrieved from the International Energy Agency's Energy R&D database" "" "Austria" 2008.0 8342.129 121993.32529881183 14.623763945488234 1.1471989898255468 "" "R&D-stock per capita = R&D-stock/population (thousand Euros per capita in 2013 prices)" "" "Austria" 2009.0 8371.711 144825.99276893065 17.299449630897513 1.182968331230127 "" "R&D-stock per capita (t+1/t) = The R&D-stock in time period t+1 divided by the corresponding stock in time period t. " "" "Austria" 2010.0 8401.924 165926.3934920376 19.748618708290813 1.141574970860286 "" "" "" "Austria" 2011.0 8375.0 183315.75414283384 21.88844825586076 1.1083533779844363 "" "The R&D-stock per capita (t+1/t) data have been used to calculate the average annual growth rate of the R&D-stock over the period 2004-2012 " "" "Austria" 2012.0 8408.0 193728.17872855047 23.040934672758144 1.0526527236387715 "" "and then correlate this with the initial level of the stock, i.e., R&D-stock (2004). These data are the basis of Figure 4b in the paper. " "" "Belgium" 2004.0 10440.977 34003.74178525122 3.2567586141844025 0.0 "" "" "" "Belgium" 2005.0 10508.08 32489.532215779596 3.0918619020581875 0.9493678434109215 "" "" "" "Belgium" 2006.0 10587.731 31149.98365812482 2.942083025921684 0.9515570614467617 "" "R&D-stock per capita (2004)" "Average growth rate (2004-2012)" "Belgium" 2007.0 10678.058 44642.98529231234 4.1808150220117115 1.4210391022877278 "Belgium" "3.4390000000000001" "11.1" "Belgium" 2008.0 10772.572 57331.18676308111 5.321959023627887 1.2729477376081286 "Denmark" "31.292000000000002" "9.6999999999999993" "Belgium" 2009.0 10862.441 69068.318086773 6.35845277196654 1.1947579347636716 "Germany" "10.343999999999999" "5.8" "Belgium" 2010.0 10941.288 79836.11127809569 7.29677450023212 1.147570763189828 "Ireland" "0.55600000000000005" "44.2" "Belgium" 2011.0 11001.0 89549.50015028613 8.140123638786122 1.1155783474639616 "Greece" "1.4259999999999999" "0.8" "Belgium" 2012.0 11095.0 98382.55013525752 8.867287078436911 1.089330761044709 "Spain" "5.226" "9.4" "Denmark" 2004.0 5398.558 180041.26319939134 33.349880319780084 0.0 "France" "2.0819999999999999" "20.6" "Denmark" 2005.0 5417.692 194724.1368794522 35.94226782907781 1.077733037853217 "Italy" "7.9279999999999999" "1.88" "Denmark" 2006.0 5440.923 210107.723191507 38.61619125863516 1.0743949558851742 "Netherlands" "24.72" "4.3" "Denmark" 2007.0 5467.551 233739.9508723563 42.75039242841197 1.107058750100124 "Austria" "10.475" "9.15" "Denmark" 2008.0 5496.104 259930.9557851207 47.29367489864105 1.1062746377787542 "Portugal" "1.466" "-4" "Denmark" 2009.0 5524.427 292872.86020660866 53.01416060101956 1.120956675805772 "Finland" "14.762" "12.1" "Denmark" 2010.0 5550.959 348979.57418594783 62.86833936009036 1.1858782379529231 "Sweden" "27.98" "4.5" "Denmark" 2011.0 5561.0 393529.616767353 70.76598035737332 1.1256219120414128 "United Kingdom" "2.7810000000000001" "15.1" "Denmark" 2012.0 5581.0 401631.6550906177 71.96410232765055 1.0169307619879866 "" "" "" "Finland" 2004.0 5228.34 90259.82066214219 17.263571355753868 0.0 "" "" "" "Finland" 2005.0 5246.368 82678.83859592797 15.759252609791757 0.9128616718428467 "" "" "" "Finland" 2006.0 5267.817 110771.95473633517 21.028056733241716 1.334330837502806 "" "" "" "Finland" 2007.0 5292.261 137731.75926270167 26.02512598352607 1.2376381856714727 "" "" "" "Finland" 2008.0 5318.297 162870.5833364315 30.624574621618823 1.1767310806104918 "" "" "" "Finland" 2009.0 5343.927 194216.52500278834 36.34340907029388 1.1867400451870427 "" "" "" "Finland" 2010.0 5367.693 219673.8725025095 40.92519309552716 1.1260691867505161 "" "" "" "Finland" 2011.0 5375.0 203807.48525225857 37.91767167483881 0.9265117353589943 "" "" "" "Finland" 2012.0 5401.0 222028.73672703272 41.108819982787026 1.084159922458155 "" "" "" "France" 2004.0 61002.537 148988.24211460407 2.4423286217523064 0.0 "" "" "" "France" 2005.0 61444.972 182664.41790314368 2.972813103456922 1.2172043831366177 "" "" "" "France" 2006.0 61845.239 224104.97611282932 3.623641524173418 1.2189267868739153 "" "" "" "France" 2007.0 62210.877 277943.47850154643 4.467763386482181 1.2329485013011363 "" "" "" "France" 2008.0 62552.614 346933.1306513918 5.546261114705643 1.2413954444155664 "" "" "" "France" 2009.0 62888.318 471505.81758625264 7.497510389548861 1.3518134531512724 "" "" "" "France" 2010.0 63230.866 543772.2358276274 8.599791055014608 1.1470195582525993 "" "" "" "France" 2011.0 64979.0 648954.0122448646 9.987134493372698 1.1613229239504743 "" "" "" "France" 2012.0 65288.0 733743.6110203782 11.23856774629914 1.1253045359263834 "" "" "" "Germany" 2004.0 83848.844 842925.42521601 10.052916474507507 0.0 "" "" "" "Germany" 2005.0 83835.978 859349.882694409 10.250371060195766 1.0196415225560633 "" "" "" "Germany" 2006.0 83740.302 870527.8944249682 10.395566694098717 1.014164914913839 "" "" "" "Germany" 2007.0 83578.794 882445.1049824713 10.558241663339523 1.0156484945965623 "" "" "" "Germany" 2008.0 83379.538 921497.5944842242 11.051843372941503 1.046750370501167 "" "" "" "Germany" 2009.0 83182.774 1024157.8350358019 12.312138508819167 1.1140348350360516 "" "" "" "Germany" 2010.0 83017.404 1120829.0515322217 13.501133467534371 1.096570953767579 "" "" "" "Germany" 2011.0 81752.0 1260987.1463789996 15.424541862939128 1.1424627347051934 "" "" "" "Germany" 2012.0 80328.0 1378761.4317410996 17.164144902662827 1.1127815046425125 "" "" "" "Greece" 2004.0 11035.302 14153.164142391002 1.282535280175477 0.0 "" "" "" "Greece" 2005.0 11041.642 19250.8477281519 1.7434768966564846 1.3593987811531714 "" "" "" "Greece" 2006.0 11052.514 24782.76295533671 2.24227383519593 1.2860932310006532 "" "" "" "Greece" 2007.0 11066.884 22304.486659803042 2.0154260819760146 0.8988313783717261 "" "" "" "Greece" 2008.0 11083.063 20074.037993822738 1.8112355757449667 0.898686184496109 "" "" "" "Greece" 2009.0 11098.149 18066.634194440463 1.6278961648866368 0.8987766068017288 "" "" "" "Greece" 2010.0 11109.999 18646.970774996415 1.678395360341294 1.031021140379782 "" "" "" "Greece" 2011.0 11123.0 18857.273697496774 1.6953406183131146 1.0100961063002312 "" "" "" "Greece" 2012.0 11123.0 16971.546327747095 1.525806556481803 0.9 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2003.0 4010.652 2270.13216563192 0.5660257149291238 0.0 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2004.0 4085.79 4920.118949068728 1.2042026019616106 2.1274697777863283 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2005.0 4158.002 8008.107054161856 1.9259507460943632 1.5993577351162056 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2006.0 4226.104 15756.29634874567 3.7283266925626224 1.9358369886266813 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2007.0 4290.537 22840.666713871102 5.323498367190657 1.4278519041290376 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2008.0 4351.657 41507.60004248399 9.538343679771634 1.7917435156095023 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2009.0 4410.422 54573.84003823559 12.373836344512066 1.2972730654226456 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2010.0 4467.561 59122.45603441203 13.233721046990077 1.0694921670642088 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2011.0 4571.0 66685.21043097082 14.58875747778841 1.1023927001322524 "" "" "" "Ireland" 2012.0 4583.0 70020.68938787375 15.278352473897828 1.047268932749025 "" "" "" "Italy" 2004.0 58267.068 472139.1050472459 8.103018072700104 0.0 "" "" "" "Italy" 2005.0 58671.855 481603.1945425213 8.208419429426959 1.0130076664992225 "" "" "" "Italy" 2006.0 59078.271 473973.8750882692 8.022812229698957 0.9773881925352638 "" "" "" "Italy" 2007.0 59485.505 485421.48757944227 8.160332295732251 1.0171411298302884 "" "" "" "Italy" 2008.0 59873.82 521575.33882149804 8.711242055734845 1.0675107017750627 "" "" "" "Italy" 2009.0 60220.314 534545.8049393483 8.876503117193117 1.0189710101499794 "" "" "" "Italy" 2010.0 60508.978 540748.2244454134 8.936661009964727 1.0067772062914153 "" "" "" "Italy" 2011.0 59365.0 556364.4020008722 9.371926252857277 1.0487055783370558 "" "" "" "Italy" 2012.0 59394.0 570418.961800785 9.603982924214316 1.0247608298546194 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2004.0 16221.364 411957.5407665447 25.395986476016734 0.0 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2005.0 16302.242 415019.78668989026 25.45783498305879 1.0024353654110054 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2006.0 16375.813 423874.8080209012 25.88419933843292 1.016747863895648 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2007.0 16442.848 452904.3272188111 27.544153374087692 1.0641300128294897 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2008.0 16504.193 457117.89449693 27.697076403367923 1.0055519233865469 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2009.0 16561.282 475144.105047237 28.69005582099484 1.0358514163432126 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2010.0 16615.243 571807.6945425133 34.414645307475396 1.199532183631773 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2011.0 16656.0 569604.925088262 34.198182341994595 0.9937101497473873 "" "" "" "Netherlands" 2012.0 16730.0 605780.4325794358 36.20923087743191 1.0588057141553922 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2004.0 10478.122 15176.687131018558 1.4484167230557687 0.0 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2005.0 10510.967 14228.018417916703 1.3536355330500707 0.9345622095513125 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2006.0 10536.701 13192.216576125033 1.2520253327986657 0.9249353332041658 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2007.0 10555.902 12703.99491851253 1.203496860667381 0.96124002377587 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2008.0 10569.881 11709.595426661277 1.1078266090849347 0.9205064386047556 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2009.0 10580.673 11417.63588399515 1.079102991274293 0.9740720997536182 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2010.0 10589.792 10978.872295595635 1.0367410706079623 0.9607433942738808 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2011.0 10573.0 10199.985066036072 0.9647200478611625 0.9305313305427695 "" "" "" "Portugal" 2012.0 10542.0 10684.986559432466 1.0135635135109529 1.0506296782761786 "" "" "" "Spain" 2004.0 42710.301 222829.19675073074 5.217223750090891 0.0 "" "" "" "Spain" 2005.0 43387.477 227897.27707565768 5.252604964230985 1.0067816171655426 "" "" "" "Spain" 2006.0 44038.456 234883.54936809192 5.3336009184357405 1.0154201495746051 "" "" "" "Spain" 2007.0 44664.067 242272.19443128273 5.424320056462451 1.017008985001697 "" "" "" "Spain" 2008.0 45243.381 255051.97498815446 5.637332342340959 1.039269859385367 "" "" "" "Spain" 2009.0 45754.265 306014.777489339 6.688224092100245 1.1864164973681315 "" "" "" "Spain" 2010.0 46182.038 359605.2997404051 7.786691867959684 1.1642390806188578 "" "" "" "Spain" 2011.0 46667.0 525319.7697663646 11.256771803766357 1.44564238506537 "" "" "" "Spain" 2012.0 46818.0 550317.7927897281 11.754406270872915 1.0442075646358981 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2004.0 8981.282 267233.12082359346 29.7544516276845 0.0 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2005.0 9030.163 257180.80874123413 28.48019562229764 0.9571742735731936 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2006.0 9089.677 270924.72786711075 29.805759639986192 1.0465433607011725 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2007.0 9159.155 277864.2550803997 30.337324248841696 1.017834291602566 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2008.0 9234.561 286722.8295723597 31.048885764289142 1.0234549859971456 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2009.0 9310.295 317211.54661512375 34.07105216484803 1.097335744139161 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2010.0 9382.297 366451.3919536114 39.05774800708306 1.14636166262514 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2011.0 9416.0 390723.2527582503 41.49567255291528 1.0624184616427477 "" "" "" "Sweden" 2012.0 9483.0 394816.92748242524 41.63417984629603 1.0033378732012146 "" "" "" "UK" 2004.0 59984.118 178089.69533291704 2.9689474692770683 0.0 "" "" "" "UK" 2005.0 60291.414 212561.72579962533 3.5255720789634384 1.1874821348125457 "" "" "" "UK" 2006.0 60620.907 260154.5532196628 4.2914988589607015 1.217248935163582 "" "" "" "UK" 2007.0 60970.36 334327.09789769654 5.483436507471771 1.277743904328971 "" "" "" "UK" 2008.0 61333.257 362640.3881079269 5.912622382142969 1.0782695074678783 "" "" "" "UK" 2009.0 61700.797 442434.3492971342 7.170642371072358 1.2127685327459443 "" "" "" "UK" 2010.0 62066.35 607670.9143674208 9.790666188158653 1.3653820231860867 "" "" "" "UK" 2011.0 63023.0 618725.8229306787 9.817460656120444 1.0027367359326578 "" "" "" "UK" 2012.0 63495.0 627390.2406376109 9.880939296599903 1.006465892016576 "" "" ""