ࡱ > '` + bjbj 7 S & * * * * 4 ^ & ` R 9 L }_ _ _ _ _ _ _ b h e j _ Q - - - _ _ - F M - }_ ' * s " . _ 0 ` e E ~ e D e @ - - - _ _ - - - ` - - - - & & & * & & & * & & & SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
List of Abbreviations
DLPFC Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex;
HAM-D Hamilton Depression Rating Scale;
HF-rTMS High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;
MADRS - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale;
MD Major depression;
NNT Number needed to treat;
OR Odds Ratio;
RCT Randomized controlled trial;
rMT Resting motor threshold;
rTMS Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;
SMD - Standardized Mean Difference;
STAR*D - Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study;
TRD Treatment-resistant depression.
2. Previous Meta-Analyses on rTMS for Major Depression
Table S1. Main Methodological Characteristics.
REFERENCELITERATURE SEARCHSTATISTICAL METHODS
McNamara et al, 2001 ADDIN EN.CITE McNamara2001101(McNamara, 2001)10110117McNamara, B.Ray, J. L.Arthurs, O. J.Boniface, S.Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.Transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression and other psychiatric disordersPsychol MedPsychol Med1141-6317Depressive Disorder, Major/*therapyElectromagnetics/*methodsHumansMental Disorders/therapyRandomized Controlled TrialsSkin2001Oct11681540http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11681540 ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_68" \o "McNamara, 2001 #101" McNamara et al., 2001)- Language(s): Not reported
- Databases: MEDLINE (1966 - January 2000), EMBASE (1980 - January 2000), Biological Abstracts and Index of Scientific and Technological Proceedings (period not reported), meta-register of controlled trials ( HYPERLINK "http://www.controlled-trials.com" www.controlled-trials.com) and national register ( HYPERLINK "http://www.doh.gov.uk/research/ntr" www.doh.gov.uk/research/ntr) (period not reported), Cochrane Library (period not reported), worldwide web using HYPERLINK "http://www.omni.ac.uk" www.omni.ac.uk (period not reported), TMS-related websites (i.e., TMS Resources and Published Articles [ HYPERLINK "http://www.musc.edu/tmsmirror/TMSresrc" www.musc.edu/tmsmirror/TMSresrc], Avery-George Index of depression trials [ HYPERLINK "http://www.ists.unibe.ch/ists/TMSAvery" www.ists.unibe.ch/ists/TMSAvery], International Society of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [ HYPERLINK "http://www.ists.unibe.ch" www.ists.unibe.ch], TMS and depression [ HYPERLINK "http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.transcranial" www.psycom.net/depression.central.transcranial], and Helsinki TMS [ HYPERLINK "http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi/tms/" www.biomag.helsinki.fi/tms/])
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: Not reported
- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Absolute benefit increase (rate of improvement in the treated group rate of improvement in the control group) and number needed to treat (NNT) with Mantel-Haenszel statistic
- Heterogeneity/bias: DerSimonian & Laird method
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: No reported
Martin et al, 2002 ADDIN EN.CITE Martin2002185(Martin, 2002)18518517Martin, J. L.Barbanoj, M. J.Schlaepfer, T. E.Clos, S.Perez, V.Kulisevsky, J.Gironell, A.Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni M feminine Claret, 171, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain, 08041. jrodriguezma@hsp.santpau.esTranscranial magnetic stimulation for treating depressionCochrane Database Syst RevCochrane Database Syst RevCD0034932Depression/*therapyHumansPhysical Stimulation/methodsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*therapeutic use200212076483http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12076483 ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_65" \o "Martin, 2002 #185" Martin et al., 2002)- Language(s): All
- Databases: MEDLINE (1966 - June 2001), EMBASE (1974-2001), PsycLIT (1980-2001), Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Neurosis and Anxiety Review Group trials register (up to June 2001), Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL) (Issue 2, 2001)
- Grey literature search: Personal communication with researchers and other with an interest in the field
- Search terms: Not reported
- Meta-analysis model: See below
- Efficacy: Continuous data (e.g., psychometric test scores) were assessed with weighted mean differences under a fixed effect model (a random effects model was used instead if the chi-square test was <0.10); Binary data were assessed with relative risks under a fixed effect model and Mantel-Haenszel statistics (a random effects model was used instead in case of statistical heterogeneity)
- Heterogeneity/bias: Inspection of the graphs, chi-square tests and funnel plots
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: Not reported
Kozel & George, 2002 ADDIN EN.CITE Kozel20022211(Kozel & George, 2002)2211221117Kozel, F. A.George, M. S.Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.Meta-analysis of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat depressionJ Psychiatr PractJournal of psychiatric practiceJ Psychiatr PractJournal of psychiatric practiceJ Psychiatr PractJournal of psychiatric practice270-5852005/06/302002Sep1527-4160 (Print)
1527-4160 (Linking)15985889http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15985889eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_56" \o "Kozel, 2002 #2211" Kozel & George, 2002)- Language(s): English
- Databases: MEDLINE (1966 April 2002), PsycINFO (1887 April 2002), CURRENT CONTENTS (April 2001 April 2002)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: tms OR rtms OR transcranial magnetic stimul: and depression OR depressive disorder- Meta-analysis model: Not reported
- Efficacy: Amount of change in scores on the HAM-D and Hedges d (sic)
- Heterogeneity/bias: Total Q, funnel plot and Fail-Safe N (Rosenthal & Orwins method)
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: MetaWin v. 2
Burt et al, 2002 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_13" \o "Burt, 2002 #141" Burt et al., 2002)- Language(s): Not reported
- Databases: Not reported
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: Not reported - Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Percentage change in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) or Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores and Cohens d and Hedges g effect sizes
- Heterogeneity/bias: Q statistic
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v. 1.0
Martin et al, 2003 ADDIN EN.CITE Martin2003192(Martin, 2003)19219217Martin, J. L.Barbanoj, M. J.Schlaepfer, T. E.Thompson, E.Perez, V.Kulisevsky, J.Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Hospital de la Santa Crue i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jrodriguezma@hsp.santpau.esRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression. Systematic review and meta-analysisBr J PsychiatryBr J PsychiatryThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science480-91182AdultDepressive Disorder/*therapyHumansMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRandomized Controlled Trials/standardsResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tTime FactorsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*therapeutic useTreatment Outcome2003Jun12777338http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12777338 ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_66" \o "Martin, 2003 #192" Martin et al., 2003)- Language(s): All
- Databases: MEDLINE (1966 - March 2002), EMBASE (1974 March 2002), PsycLIT (1980-2001), CCDNARV trials register (last searched January 2002), CENTRAL (January 2002)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: magnetic-stimulation, TMS, rTMS, depression, depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder- Meta-analysis model: Fixed effect
- Efficacy: Continuous data were assessed with pooled standardized mean differences; binary data were assessed with relative risks and Mantel-Haenszel statistics
- Heterogeneity/bias: chi-square test
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: Not reported
Couturier, 2005 ADDIN EN.CITE Couturier200546(Couturier, 2005)464617Couturier, J. L.Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. jlcoutur@uwo.caEfficacy of rapid-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Psychiatry NeurosciJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNJ Psychiatry NeurosciJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNJ Psychiatry NeurosciJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN83-903022005/03/31Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis/*therapy*Electromagnetic FieldsHumansPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic2005Mar1180-4882 (Print)
1180-4882 (Linking)15798783Meta-Analysis
Reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15798783551158eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_18" \o "Couturier, 2005 #46" Couturier, 2005)- Language(s): Not reported
- Databases: MEDLINE (period not reported), CCTR ( HYPERLINK "http://www.cochrane.org" www.cochrane.org) (period not reported)
- Meta-register of controlled trials ( HYPERLINK "http://www.controlled-trials.com/mrct" www.controlled-trials.com/mrct) (period not reported), abstracts from meetings including the Society of Biological Psychiatry (2002, 2003) and the American Psychiatric Association (2000-2003)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation AND depression- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Weighted mean differences of post-treatment scores on the HAM-D21
- Heterogeneity/bias: A test of heterogeneity was performed
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: RevMan v. 4.1
Herrman & Ebmeier, 2006 ADDIN EN.CITE Herrmann20061612(Herrmann & Ebmeier, 2006)1612161217Herrmann, L. L.Ebmeier, K. P.Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.Factors modifying the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a reviewJ Clin PsychiatryThe Journal of clinical psychiatryJ Clin PsychiatryThe Journal of clinical psychiatry1870-667122006/12/30Depressive Disorder/*therapyHumansPrognosisRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic*Transcranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment Outcome2006Dec1555-2101 (Electronic)
0160-6689 (Linking)17194264Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194264eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_39" \o "Herrmann, 2006 #1612" Herrmann & Ebmeier, 2006)- Language(s): Not reported
- Databases: MEDLINE (period not reported), EMBASE (period not reported), CENTRAL (period not reported)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: transcranial magnetic stimulation OR TMS and depression- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: For continuous variables were assessed using Cohens d effect sizes; secular trends were assessed by means of bivariate correlations between magnitude of effect sizes and order of publication
- Heterogeneity/bias: Q statistic, Kendall test
- Regression analysis (variables): mean age, treatment resistance, number of rTMS sessions, type of depressive disorder, potential medication effects, stimulation intensity
- Software: StatsDirect v. 2.4.5
Gross et al, 2007 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_31" \o "Gross, 2007 #1100" Gross et al., 2007)- Language(s): English
- Databases: Not reported (December 2005 - November 2006)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: major depression, depression, transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS and TMS- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Standardized mean difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment HAM-D or MADRS and pooled weighted effect size (active vs sham rTMS)
- Heterogeneity/bias: Q statistic, Begg-modified funnel plot
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: Stata v. 9.0
Lam et al, 2008 ADDIN EN.CITE Lam2008533(Lam, 2008)53353317Lam, R. W.Chan, P.Wilkins-Ho, M.Yatham, L. N.Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. r.lam@ubc.caRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and metaanalysisCan J PsychiatryCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrieCan J PsychiatryCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrieCan J PsychiatryCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie621-315392008/09/20Depressive Disorder, Major/*therapy*Drug ResistanceHumansTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods2008Sep0706-7437 (Print)
0706-7437 (Linking)18801225Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801225eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_57" \o "Lam, 2008 #533" Lam et al., 2008)- Language(s): All
- Databases: MEDLINE (1966 onward), EMBASE (1980 onward), PsycINFO (1974 onward), CENTRAL (up to May 15, 2008)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: transcranial, magnetic and depress*- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: For continuous outcomes the standardized mean difference was calculated for endpoint data of completers; absolute risk differences were calculated for binary outcomes
- Heterogeneity/bias: chi-square, I2, funnel plots
- Regression analysis (variables) : s t r i c t e r c r i t e r i a f o r t r e a t m e n t - r e s i s t a n t d e p r e s s i o n ( i . e . , e" 2 f a i l e d t r i a l s o f a n t i d e p r e s s a n t s ) , h i g h i n t e n s i t y r T M S ( e" 9 0 % o f t h e m o t o r t h r e s h o l d ) , e" 1 0 H z r T M S , t r i a l s w i t h h i g h e r q u a l i t y r e p o r t i n g
- S o f t w a r e : R e v M a n v . 4 . 2
S c h u t t e r , 2 0 0 9 A D D I N EN.CITE Schutter20091654(Schutter, 2009)1654165417Schutter, D. J.Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. d.schutter@uu.nlAntidepressant efficacy of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in double-blind sham-controlled designs: a meta-analysisPsychol MedPsychological medicinePsychol MedPsychological medicine65-753912008/05/02AdolescentAdultAgedAnalysis of VarianceDepressive Disorder/psychology/*therapyDouble-Blind MethodHumansMiddle AgedPlacebos*Prefrontal CortexRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods/psychologyTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult2009Jan0033-2917 (Print)
0033-2917 (Linking)18447962Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'thttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1844796210.1017/S0033291708003462eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_87" \o "Schutter, 2009 #1654" Schutter, 2009)- Language(s): English
- Databases: PubMed (January 1980 November 2007), Web of Science (January 1980 November 2007)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: depression and transcranial magnetic stimulation- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Difference in the absolute and percentage change in HAM-D scores from baseline to outcome between active and sham rTMS and Hedges g; weighted average was used to compute the cumulative effect size
- Heterogeneity/bias: Stouffers z, Q statistics, funnel plot, Fail-Safe N (Rosenthals method)
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: MetaWin v. 2
Schutter, 2010 ADDIN EN.CITE Schutter20102227(Schutter, 2010)2227222717Schutter, D. J.Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. d.schutter@uu.nlQuantitative review of the efficacy of slow-frequency magnetic brain stimulation in major depressive disorderPsychol MedPsychological medicinePsychol MedPsychological medicine1789-9540112010/01/28Brain/physiopathologyDepressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology/*therapyHumansMiddle AgedTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methodsTreatment Outcome2010Nov1469-8978 (Electronic)
0033-2917 (Linking)20102670Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010267010.1017/S003329171000005XEmbaseOvid Technologieseng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_88" \o "Schutter, 2010 #2227" Schutter, 2010)- Language(s): English
- Databases: PubMed (January 1994 July 2009), Web of Science (January 1994 July 2009)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: depression and transcranial magnetic stimulation (but only focusing on low frequency rTMS)- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: Percentage change from baseline or endpoint scores on the HAM-D or the MADRS between active and sham rTMS and cumulative effect size
- Heterogeneity/bias: Q statistics, Fail-Safe N (Rosenthals method)
- Regression analysis: Not reported
- Software: MetaWin v. 2
Slotema et al, 2010 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_89" \o "Slotema, 2010 #2210" Slotema et al., 2010)- Language(s): English
- Databases: PubMed (1990 - October 2008), Ovid Medline (1990 - October 2008), EMBASE Psychiatry (1997 - October 2008), PsycINFO (1990 - October 2008, CENTRAL (period not reported), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (period not reported), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (period not reported)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS, repetitive TMS, psychiatry, mental disorder, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, catatonia, mania, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, Tourettes syndrome, bulimia nervosa and addiction- Meta-analysis m o d e l : R a n d o m e f f e c t s
- E f f i c a c y : E f f e c t s i z e s f o r t h e m e a n d i f f e r e n c e s ( s h a m v s a c t i v e r T M S ) o f t h e p r e - t r e a t m e n t - p o s t - t r e a t m e n t c h a n g e i n r a t i n g s c a l e s a n d H e d g e s g
- H e t e r o g e n e i t y / b i a s : I 2 ( w h e n I 2 e" 3 0 % , a m o d e r a t o r a n a l y s i s w a s p e r f o r m e d a n d t h e p arameters were then correlated with Hedges g using Pearsons correlations), Fail-Safe N
- Regression analysis (variables): Localization, frequency, number of stimuli and treatment sessions
- Software: Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v. 2.0
Allan et al, 2011 ADDIN EN.CITE Allan20112212(Allan, 2011)2212221217Allan, C. L.Herrmann, L. L.Ebmeier, K. P.Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, London, UK.Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the management of mood disordersNeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiology163-96432011/08/04Follow-Up StudiesHumansMood Disorders/*therapyRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical dataTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods/*psychology20111423-0224 (Electronic)
0302-282X (Linking)21811086Meta-Analysishttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181108610.1159/000328951eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_2" \o "Allan, 2011 #2212" Allan et al., 2011)- Language(s) not reported
- MEDLINE (1996 end of 2008)
- EMBASE (1996 end of 2008)
- Grey literature search: Not reported
- Search terms: depression OR depressed and transcranial OR TMS- Meta-analysis model: Random effects
- Efficacy: effect sizes based on changes in depression scales (Hedges g), and Petos Odds Ratios for treatment response
- Heterogeneity/bias: Fail-Safe N, Kendalls tau, Eggers Regression Intercept, Duval & Tweedies Trim and Fill
- Regression analysis (variables): site (left or right DLPFC), total number of stimuli, stimulus intensity and frequency, year of publication, diagnosis (unipolar or bipolar depression), mean age, treatment resistant and medication effects
- Software: Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v. 2.0
Table S2. Included RCTs.ReferenceHFAccel.LFBT20081-X--Bretlau et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_12" \o "Bretlau, 2008 #2213" Bretlau et al., 2008)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)2----Fitzgerald et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_23" \o "Fitzgerald, 2008 #2218" Fitzgerald et al., 2008)LF-rTMS primed by 20 5-second, 6-Hz trains3----Jorge et al ADDIN EN.CITE Jorge20082222(Jorge, 2008)2222222217Jorge, R. E.Moser, D. J.Acion, L.Robinson, R. G.Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Room W278 General Hospital, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242-1000, USA. ricardo-jorge@uiowa.eduTreatment of vascular depression using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationArch Gen PsychiatryArchives of general psychiatryArchives of General Psychiatry268-766532008/03/05Age of OnsetAgedCerebrovascular Disorders/*complicationsDepressive Disorder, Major/etiology/*therapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective Studies*Transcranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment Outcome2008Mar1538-3636 (Electronic)
0003-990X (Linking)18316673Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramuralhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1831667310.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.45eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_47" \o "Jorge, 2008 #2222" Jorge et al., 2008)Only subjects with vascular depression4I---Mogg et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_70" \o "Mogg, 2008 #2215" Mogg et al., 2008)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT20075I---Anderson et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_3" \o "Anderson, 2007 #2217" Anderson et al., 2007)HF-rTMS (augmentation)6E---Bortolomasi et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_10" \o "Bortolomasi, 2007 #2219" Bortolomasi et al., 2007)HF-rTMS, 5 sessions, no response/remission rates (n=19)7-X--Herwig et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_40" \o "Herwig, 2007 #1525" Herwig et al., 2007)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)8I---Loo et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_63" \o "Loo, 2007 #1610" Loo et al., 2007)HF-rTMS twice-daily (augmentation/monotherapy)9I---OReardon et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_74" \o "O'Reardon, 2007 #434" O'Reardon et al., 2007)HF-rTMS (monotherapy)10I-X-Stern et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_93" \o "Stern, 2007 #1576" Stern et al., 2007)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (monotherapy)HFAccel.LFBT200611I---Avery et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_5" \o "Avery, 2006 #106" Avery et al., 2006)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy)12---XFitzgerald et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_21" \o "Fitzgerald, 2006 #114" Fitzgerald et al., 2006)Bilateral rTMS13---XGarcia-Toro et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_27" \o "Garcia-Toro, 2006 #54" Garcia-Toro et al., 2006)Bilateral rTMS14--X-Januel et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_46" \o "Januel, 2006 #677" Januel et al., 2006)LF-rTMS (monotherapy)15---XMcDonald et al ADDIN EN.CITE McDonald20062220(McDonald, 2006)2220222017McDonald, W. M.Easley, K.Byrd, E. H.Holtzheimer, P.Tuohy, S.Woodard, J. L.Beyer, K.Epstein, C. M.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta, GA, USA. wmcdona@emory.eduCombination rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment refractory depressionNeuropsychiatr Dis TreatNeuropsychiatric disease and treatmentNeuropsychiatr Dis TreatNeuropsychiatric disease and treatmentNeuropsychiatr Dis TreatNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment85-94212006/03/012006Mar1176-6328 (Print)
1176-6328 (Linking)19412449http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/194124492671728eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_67" \o "McDonald, 2006 #2220" McDonald et al., 2006)Bilateral rTMS16E---Moller et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_71" \o "Moller, 2006 #2214" Moller et al., 2006)HF-rTMS, 5 sessions, no response/remission rates (n=10)HFAccel.LFBT200517E-X-Miniussi et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_69" \o "Miniussi, 2005 #169" Miniussi et al., 2005)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS, 5 sessions, no response/remission rates (n=71)18-X--Rossini et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_85" \o "Rossini, 2005 #2221" Rossini et al., 2005b)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)19I---Rossini et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_84" \o "Rossini, 2005 #1156" Rossini et al., 2005a)HF-rTMS (augmentation)20-X--Rumi et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_86" \o "Rumi, 2005 #674" Rumi et al., 2005)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)21I---Su et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_95" \o "Su, 2005 #61" Su et al., 2005)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT200422E---Hansen et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_34" \o "Hansen, 2004 #1454" Hansen et al., 2004)HF-rTMS (augmentation), no response/remission rates (n=15); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply23E--XHausmann et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_35" \o "Hausmann, 2004 #2207" Hausmann et al., 2004a)HF-rTMS + Bilateral rTMS, no response/remission rates (n=41); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply24----Hausmann et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_36" \o "Hausmann, 2004 #249" Hausmann et al., 2004b)Data overlap with Hausmann et al, 2004 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_35" \o "Hausmann, 2004 #2207" Hausmann et al., 2004a)25I---Holtzheimer et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_42" \o "Holtzheimer, 2004 #107" Holtzheimer et al., 2004)HF-rTMS (monotherapy)26----Jorge et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_48" \o "Jorge, 2004 #2208" Jorge et al., 2004)Only subjects with post-stroke depression27--X-Kauffmann et al ADDIN EN.CITE Kauffmann20041140(Kauffmann, 2004)1140114017Kauffmann, C. D.Cheema, M. A.Miller, B. E.Slow right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for medication-resistant depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyDepress AnxietyDepress AnxietyDepression and anxiety59-621912004Feb 01papers2://publication/uuid/929D428E-639A-4E5F-AE99-E9E5FC6264B710.1002/da.10144eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_51" \o "Kauffmann, 2004 #1140" Kauffmann et al., 2004)LF-rTMS (augmentation)28I---Koerselman et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_54" \o "Koerselman, 2004 #171" Koerselman et al., 2004)HF-rTMS (augmentation)29I---Mosimann et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_72" \o "Mosimann, 2004 #202" Mosimann et al., 2004)HF-rTMS (augmentation)30-X--Poulet et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_81" \o "Poulet, 2004 #2209" Poulet et al., 2004)HF-rTMS (acceleration)HFAccel.LFBT200331I-X-Fitzgerald et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_22" \o "Fitzgerald, 2003 #112" Fitzgerald et al., 2003)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (augmentation)32E---Herwig et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_41" \o "Herwig, 2003 #2205" Herwig et al., 2003)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs [n=6]/augmentation), no sham rTMS, bilateral rTMS in some cases33I-X-Hoppner at al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_43" \o "Hoppner, 2003 #2206" Hoppner et al., 2003)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (augmentation)34---XLoo et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_62" \o "Loo, 2003 #1628" Loo et al., 2003)Bilateral rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy)35I---Nahas et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_73" \o "Nahas, 2003 #1570" Nahas et al., 2003)HF-rTMS (augmentation), only bipolar depressionHFAccel.LFBT200236I---Boutros et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_11" \o "Boutros, 2002 #964" Boutros et al., 2002)HF-rTMS (augmentation)37I---Padberg et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_75" \o "Padberg, 2002 #1630" Padberg et al., 2002)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT200138I---Garcia-Toro et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_25" \o "Garcia-Toro, 2001 #954" Garcia-Toro et al., 2001a)HF-rTMS (augmentation)39-X--Garcia-Toro et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_26" \o "Garcia-Toro, 2001 #1452" Garcia-Toro et al., 2001b)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)40-X--Lisanby et al ADDIN EN.CITE Lisanby20012201(Lisanby, 2001)2201220117Lisanby, S. H.Pascual-Leone, A.Sampson, S. M.Boylan, L. S.Burt, T.Sackeim, H. A.New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Biol Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA
Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA
Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USAAugmentation of sertraline antidepressant treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulationBiol PsychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatry81S-81S4982001Apr 150006-3223ISI:000168163000278<Go to ISI>://000168163000278English( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_60" \o "Lisanby, 2001 #2201" Lisanby et al., 2001)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)41E---Manes et al ADDIN EN.CITE Manes2001958(Manes, 2001)95895817Manes, F.Jorge, R.Morcuende, M.Yamada, T.Paradiso, S.Robinson, R. G.Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment of depression in the elderlyInt Psychogeriatr225-2311322001Jul 01papers2://publication/uuid/921737F5-F98E-4103-B1B4-1BF653D84C6Feng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_64" \o "Manes, 2001 #958" Manes et al., 2001)HF-rTMS (augmentation), 5 sessions (n=20)42E---Szuba et al ADDIN EN.CITE Szuba20011442(Szuba, 2001)1442144217Szuba, M. P.O'Reardon, J. P.Rai, A. S.Snyder-Kastenberg, J.Amsterdam, J. D.Gettes, D. R.Wassermann, E.Evans, D. L.University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.Acute mood and thyroid stimulating hormone effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressionBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatry22-7501Acute DiseaseAdultDepressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis/psychology/*therapyDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleThyrotropin/blood/secretion/*therapeutic useTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*therapeutic use2001Jul 10006-3223 (Print)
0006-3223 (Linking)11457420http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11457420 eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_96" \o "Szuba, 2001 #1442" Szuba et al., 2001)HF-rTMS (monotherapy), no response/remission rates (n=14); corresponding author contacted by email but did not replyHFAccel.LFBT200043I---Berman et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_8" \o "Berman, 2000 #948" Berman et al., 2000)HF-rTMS (monotherapy)44E---Eschweiler et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_19" \o "Eschweiler, 2000 #2199" Eschweiler et al., 2000)HF-rTMS (augmentation), no response/remission rates, < 5 depressed subjects randomized per study arm (n=12)45I---George et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_29" \o "George, 2000 #2200" George et al., 2000)HF-rTMS (monotherapy)46----Grunhaus et al ADDIN EN.CITE Grunhaus2000103(Grunhaus, 2000)10310317Grunhaus, L.Dannon, P. N.Schreiber, S.Dolberg, O. H.Amiaz, R.Ziv, R.Lefkifker, E.Psychiatry Division, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive disorder: an open studyBiol PsychiatryBiol PsychiatryBiological psychiatry314-24474Administration, CutaneousAgedComparative StudyCross-Over StudiesDepressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis/*therapyElectroconvulsive Therapy/*methodsElectromagnetics/methodsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesReference ValuesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSkull/physiologyTreatment Outcome2000Feb 1510686266http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10686266 ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_32" \o "Grunhaus, 2000 #103" Grunhaus et al., 2000)Open-label47----Pridmore ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_82" \o "Pridmore, 2000 #2743" Pridmore, 2000)Single-blindHFAccel.LFBT199948E---Avery et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_4" \o "Avery, 1999 #109" Avery et al., 1999)HF-rTMS, < 5 depressed subjects randomized per study arm, no response/remission rates (n=6)49E-X-Kimbrell et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_52" \o "Kimbrell, 1999 #2198" Kimbrell et al., 1999)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (crossover), < 5 depressed subjects randomized per study arm (n=13)50--X-Klein et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_53" \o "Klein, 1999 #2197" Klein et al., 1999)LF-rTMS (augmentation)51E---Loo et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_61" \o "Loo, 1999 #1634" Loo et al., 1999)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy), no response/remission rates (n=18); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply52E-X-Padberg et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_76" \o "Padberg, 1999 #110" Padberg et al., 1999)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS, 5 sessions, no response/remission rates (n=18); 53----Stikhina et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_94" \o "Stikhina, 1999 #2204" Stikhina et al., 1999)Written in Russian (n=29)HFAccel.LFBT199754I---George et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_30" \o "George, 1997 #1632" George et al., 1997)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy)55----Haag et al ADDIN EN.CITE Haag19972216(Haag, 1997)2216221617Haag, C.Padberg, F.Thoma, H.Zwanzger, P.Hampel, H.Moller, H. J.Rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of major depression: a randomised placebo controlled studyPharmacopsychiatryPharmacopsychiatry173301997( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_33" \o "Haag, 1997 #2216" Haag et al., 1997)Sample overlap with Padberg et al, 1999 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_76" \o "Padberg, 1999 #110" Padberg et al., 1999)HFAccel.LFBT199656----Conca et al ADDIN EN.CITE Conca19962203(Conca, 1996)2203220317Conca, A.Koppi, S.Konig, P.Swoboda, E.Krecke, N.Department of Psychiatry, LKH Rankweil, Austria.Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a novel antidepressive strategy?NeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiologyNeuropsychobiology204-73441996/01/01AdultAntidepressive Agents/therapeutic useCombined Modality TherapyDepressive Disorder/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy*Electromagnetic FieldsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPersonality InventoryPilot ProjectsTreatment Outcome19960302-282X (Print)
0302-282X (Linking)9121622Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trialhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9121622eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_16" \o "Conca, 1996 #2203" Conca et al., 1996)Not sham-controlled57E---Pascual-Leone et al ADDIN EN.CITE Pascual-Leone1996118(Pascual-Leone, 1996)11811817Pascual-Leone, A.Rubio, B.Pallardo, F.Catala, M. D.Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depressionLancetLancet233-73489022AdultCross-Over StudiesDepressive Disorder/*therapyDrug ResistanceElectric Stimulation Therapy/*methodsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrefrontal Cortex/*physiopathologyQuestionnairesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation1996Jul 278684201http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8684201 ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_79" \o "Pascual-Leone, 1996 #118" Pascual-Leone et al., 1996)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy), 5 sessions, no response/remission rates (n=17)HFAccel.LFBT199558--X-Kolbinger et al ADDIN EN.CITE Kolbinger19952202(Kolbinger, 1995)2202220217Kolbinger, H. M.Hoflich, G.Hufnagel, A.Moller, H. J.Kasper, S.Kolbinger, Hm
Univ Bonn,Dept Psychiat,Sigmund Freud Str 25,D-53105 Bonn,Germany
Univ Bonn,Dept Psychiat,Sigmund Freud Str 25,D-53105 Bonn,Germany
Univ Bonn,Dept Epileptol,D-53105 Bonn,Germany
Univ Vienna,Dept Psychiat,a-1010 Vienna,AustriaTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (Tms) in the Treatment of Major Depression - a Pilot-StudyHuman Psychopharmacology-Clinical and ExperimentalHum Psychopharm ClinHuman Psychopharmacology-Clinical and ExperimentalHum Psychopharm ClinHuman Psychopharmacology-Clinical and ExperimentalHum Psychopharm Clin305-310104depressiontreatmenttranscranial magnetic stimulationhuman-brain1995Jul-Aug0885-6222ISI:A1995RU04000008<Go to ISI>://A1995RU04000008English( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_55" \o "Kolbinger, 1995 #2202" Kolbinger et al., 1995)LF-rTMS (augmentation)Abbreviations:
HF High frequency rTMS; Accel. Acceleration of antidepressant response; LF Low frequency rTMS; BT Bilateral rTMS; I Included in this meta-analysis; E Excluded from this meta-analysis.
3. Databases Search (1995-2012)
Electronic Databases Selection
- MEDLINE: January 1st, 1995 - July 22, 2012
- EMBASE: January 1st, 1996 - July 22, 2012
- PsycINFO: January 1st, 1995 July 22, 2012
- Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL): January 1st, 1995 - July 22, 2012
- SCOPUS: January 1st, 1995 July 22, 2012
- ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT): January 1st, 1995 July 22, 2012
3.2 Electronic Databases Syntaxes
3.2.1 MEDLINE (PubMed)
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following search syntax (derived from Corrao et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_17" \o "Corrao, 2006 #2224" Corrao et al., 2006)):
("randomized controlled trial"[PT] OR ((randomized[TIAB] OR randomised[TIAB]) AND controlled[TIAB] AND trial[TIAB])) AND (magnetic stimulation[TIAB] OR rTMS[TIAB]) AND depress*[TI]
This search retrieved 130 references.
3.2.2 EMBASE (OVID interface)
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following search syntax (derived from Wong et al ADDIN EN.CITE Wong20062225(Wong, 2006)2225222517Wong, S. S.Wilczynski, N. L.Haynes, R. B.School of Nutrition Faculty of Community Services Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada. sharonw@ryerson.caDeveloping optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies in EMBASEJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLAJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLAJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA41-79412006/01/13Abstracting and Indexing as Topic*Databases, BibliographicHumansInformation Storage and Retrieval/*methodsPeriodicals as TopicQuality Control2006Jan1558-9439 (Electronic)
1536-5050 (Linking)16404468Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramuralhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/164044681324770eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_98" \o "Wong, 2006 #2225" Wong et al., 2006)):
(random$.tw. or placebo$.mp. or double-blind$.tw.) and (magnetic stimulation.ti. or rtms.ti. or transcranial magnetic.ti.) and depress$.ti. and (English language and yr=1996-Current)
This search retrieved 180 references.
3.2.3 PsycINFO (OVID interface)
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following syntax (derived from Wong et al ADDIN EN.CITE Wong20062225(Wong, 2006)2225222517Wong, S. S.Wilczynski, N. L.Haynes, R. B.School of Nutrition Faculty of Community Services Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada. sharonw@ryerson.caDeveloping optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies in EMBASEJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLAJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLAJ Med Libr AssocJournal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA41-79412006/01/13Abstracting and Indexing as Topic*Databases, BibliographicHumansInformation Storage and Retrieval/*methodsPeriodicals as TopicQuality Control2006Jan1558-9439 (Electronic)
1536-5050 (Linking)16404468Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramuralhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/164044681324770eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_98" \o "Wong, 2006 #2225" Wong et al., 2006)):
(random$.tw. or placebo$.mp. or double-blind$.tw.) and (magnetic stimulation.ti. or rtms.ti. or transcranial magnetic.ti.) and depress$.ti. and (English language and yr=1995-Current)
This search retrieved 137 references.
3.2.4 CENTRAL
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following syntax:
depress*:ti AND (magnetic stimulation:ti OR rTMS:ti OR transcranial magnetic:ti), from 1995 to 2012 in Trials
This search retrieved 207 references.
3.2.5 SCOPUS
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following syntax:
(TITLE(depress*) AND TITLE("magnetic stimulation") OR TITLE(rtms) OR TITLE("transcranial magnetic") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(sham) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(random*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(controlled) OR TITLE(trial) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(double-blind) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(intention-to-treat) AND LANGUAGE(english)) AND SUBJAREA(mult OR agri OR bioc OR immu OR neur OR phar OR mult OR medi OR nurs OR vete OR dent OR heal) AND PUBYEAR > 1994
This search retrieved 253 references.
3.2.6 PQDT
An advanced search was conducted on 2012/07/22 using the following syntax:
ti(depress*) AND ti((transcranial magnetic OR rTMS)) OR ti(magnetic stimulation)
This search retrieved 45 references.
3.3 Excluded Studies and Reasons for Exclusion
3.3.1 MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and PQDT
Searches on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and PQDT yielded 384 references (after discarding duplicates). Please refer to Tables S3 and S4 for additional information.
Table S3. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and PQDT: reasons for exclusion - non-randomized controlled trials.REASON FOR EXCLUSIONnNo Primary DataReview50Book or book chapter2Erratum1Post-hoc and/or secondary analysis18Comment10Clinical trial registration17Non-Primary MDD SamplesBipolar depression10No separate results for subjects with MDD1Postpartum MDD1Secondary MDD (e.g., Parkinsons, obsessive-compulsive disorder)20Clinical Studies, but Non-RCT DesignRandomized trial but no sham rTMS21Case report or series11Retrospective design1Open label trial49OtherNon-treatment rTMS study in subjects with MDD (e.g., neuroimaging, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, coil positioning)66Other neuromodulation techniques (e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation)11Theta burst stimulation 2Stimulation of a region other than the DLPFC2Study in subjects with psychotic disorders3Study in subjects with anxiety disorders1Study in subjects with addiction disorders1Study in subjects with autistic disorders1Study in subjects with neurological illnesses2Study in animals12Study in healthy subjects or using computer/mathematical modeling27Study in subjects with > 75 years2Study on children and/or adolescents3TOTAL357
Table S4. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and PQDT: Retrieved RCTs.ReferenceHFAccel.LFBT20121I--XFitzgerald et al ADDIN EN.CITE Fitzgerald20122228(Fitzgerald, 2012)2228222817Fitzgerald, P. B.Hoy, K. E.Herring, S. E.McQueen, S.Peachey, A. V.Segrave, R. A.Maller, J.Hall, P.Daskalakis, Z. J.Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. paul.fitzgerald@monash.eduA double blind randomized trial of unilateral left and bilateral prefrontal cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment resistant major depressionJ Affect DisordJournal of affective disordersJ Affect DisordJournal of affective disordersJ Affect DisordJournal of affective disorders193-813922012/03/092012Jul1573-2517 (Electronic)
0165-0327 (Linking)22397890Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'thttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2239789010.1016/j.jad.2012.02.017NLMeng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_24" \o "Fitzgerald, 2012 #2228" Fitzgerald et al., 2012)Bilateral rTMS + HF-rTMS (augmentation)2I---Hernandez-Ribas et al ADDIN EN.CITE Hernandez-Ribas20122247(Hernandez-Ribas, 2012)2247224717Hernandez-Ribas, R.Deus, J.Pujol, J.Segalas, C.Vallejo, J.Menchon, J. M.Cardoner, N.Soriano-Mas, C.Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.Identifying brain imaging correlates of clinical response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depressionBrain StimulBrain stimulationBrain Stimulation2012/03/16Correlates of treatment responseDepressionFunctional magnetic resonance imagingRepetitive transacranial magnetic stimulation2012Feb 221935-861X (Electronic)22417767http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2241776710.1016/j.brs.2012.01.001Eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_38" \o "Hernandez-Ribas, 2012 #2247" Hernandez-Ribas et al., 2012)HF-rTMS (augmentation)3-X--Huang et al ADDIN EN.CITE Huang20122223(Huang, 2012)2223222317Huang, M. L.Luo, B. Y.Hu, J. B.Wang, S. S.Zhou, W. H.Wei, N.Hu, S. H.Xu, Y.Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with citalopram in young patients with first-episode major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trialAust N Z J PsychiatryThe Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatryAust N Z J PsychiatryThe Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatryAust N Z J PsychiatryThe Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry257-644632012/03/072012Mar1440-1614 (Electronic)
0004-8674 (Linking)22391283Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'thttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2239128310.1177/0004867411433216eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_44" \o "Huang, 2012 #2223" Huang et al., 2012)HF-rTMS (acceleration of ADs)4----Peng et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_80" \o "Peng, 2012 #2230" Peng et al., 2012)Sample overlap with Zheng et al ADDIN EN.CITE Zheng20102232(Zheng, 2010)2232223243Zheng, H.Zhang, L.Li, L.Liu, P.Gao, J.Liu, X.Zou, J.Zhang, Y.Liu, J.Zhang, Z.Li, Z.Men, W.Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.High-frequency rTMS treatment increases left prefrontal myo-inositol in young patients with treatment-resistant depressionProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol PsychiatryProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry1189-957Analysis of VarianceDepression [pathology] [therapy]Double-Blind MethodFunctional LateralityInositol [metabolism]Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy [methods]Prefrontal Cortex [metabolism] [radiation effects]Protons [diagnostic use]Statistics as TopicTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation [methods]AdultFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultSr-compmedsr-depressn2010CN-00767950( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_100" \o "Zheng, 2010 #2232" Zheng et al., 2010)5I---Bakim et al ADDIN EN.CITE Bakim20122800(Bakim, 2012)2800280017Bakim, BahadirUzun, UgrasKaramustafalioglu, KayihanOzcelik, BasakAlpak, GokayTankaya, OnurCeylan, YaseminCombination of fast repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with antidepressant treatment in medication-resistant depressionBulletin of Clinical PsychopharmacologyBulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology1left dorsolateralmagnetic stimulationmajor depressive disordermotor thresholdtranscranial20121017-7833http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=1037010.5455/bcp.20120807092434( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_6" \o "Bakim, 2012 #2800" Bakim et al., 2012)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT20116--X-Aguirre et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Aguirre, 2011 #2243" Aguirre et al., 2011)LF-rTMS (augmentation)7I--XBlumberger et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_9" \o "Blumberger, 2012 #2290" Blumberger et al., 2012)Bilateral rTMS + HF-rTMS (augmentation)8----He et al ADDIN EN.CITE He20112229(He, 2011)2229222943He, M. L.Gu, Z. T.Wang, X. Y.Shi, H. P.Treatment of depression using sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationChinese Med JChinese Med J1779-8312AdolescentDepressive Disorder [psychology] [therapy]ElectroencephalographyEmotionsSleep [physiology]Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [adverse effects]AdultAgedChildFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged2011CN-00810825http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clcentral/articles/825/CN-00810825/frame.html( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_37" \o "He, 2011 #2229" He et al., 2011)6 polar coils9-X--Karamustafalioglu et al ADDIN EN.CITE Karamustafalioglu20112254(Karamustafalioglu, 2011)2254225417Karamustafalioglu, O.Cevik, M.Tankaya, O.Ozcelik, B.Cengiz, Y. C.Bakim, B.Yavuz, B.Effects of add-on rTMS on response and remission in moderate to severe depressive disorderClinical EEG and NeuroscienceClinical EEG and Neuroscience6742 (1)2011JanuaryConference Abstracthttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed10&AN=70340822http://mclink.library.mcgill.ca/sfx?sid=OVID:embase&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=1550-0594&isbn=&volume=42&issue=1&spage=67&pages=67&date=2011&title=Clinical+EEG+and+Neuroscience&atitle=Effects+of+add-on+rTMS+on+response+and+remission+in+moderate+to+severe+depressive+disorder&aulast=Karamustafalioglu&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKaramustafalioglu+O.%3BCevik+M.%3BTankaya+O.%3BOzcelik+B.%3BCengiz+Y.C.%3BBakim+B.%3BYavuz+B.%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E70340822%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%3A+Conference+Abstract%3C%2FDT%3EEmbaseOvid Technologies( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_49" \o "Karamustafalioglu, 2011 #2254" Karamustafalioglu et al., 2011)Acceleration of ADs 10E---Lingeswaran et al ADDIN EN.CITE Lingeswaran20112248(Lingeswaran, 2011)2248224817Lingeswaran, A.Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Kathirkamam, Pondicherry, India.Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of depression: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled TrialIndian J Psychol MedIndian journal of psychological medicineIndian J Psychol MedIndian journal of psychological medicineIndian J Psychol MedIndian journal of psychological medicine35-443312011/10/252011Jan0975-1564 (Electronic)
0253-7176 (Linking)22021951http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021951319515210.4103/0253-7176.85393NLMeng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_59" \o "Lingeswaran, 2011 #2248" Lingeswaran, 2011)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy), no response/remission rates (n=23); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply11----Ray et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_83" \o "Ray, 2011 #1390" Ray et al., 2011)Single-blind12I---Zhang et al ADDIN EN.CITE Zhang20112245(Zhang, 2011)2245224517Zhang, X. H.Wang, L. W.Wang, J. J.Liu, Q.Fan, Y.Adjunctive treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, sham controlled studyShanghai Archives of PsychiatryShanghai Archives of Psychiatry17-24231Sr-compmedsr-depressn2011CN-00782101http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clcentral/articles/101/CN-00782101/frame.html( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_99" \o "Zhang, 2011 #2245" Zhang et al., 2011)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT201013I---George et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_28" \o "George, 2010 #530" George et al., 2010)HF-rTMS (monotherapy)14E---Karamustafalioglu et al ADDIN EN.CITE Karamustafalioglu20102255(Karamustafalioglu, 2010)2255225517Karamustafalioglu, O.Ozcelik, B.Uzun, U.Tankaya, O.Alpak, G.Cengiz, Y.Augmentative repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in medication resistant major depressionInt J NeuropsychopharmacolInt J Neuropsychopharmacol152132010Conference Abstracthttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed9&AN=70220718http://mclink.library.mcgill.ca/sfx?sid=OVID:embase&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1017%2FS1461145710000635&issn=1461-1457&isbn=&volume=13&issue=1&spage=152&pages=152&date=2010&title=International+Journal+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&atitle=Augmentative+repetitive+transcranial+magnetic+stimulation+treatment+in+medication+resistant+major+depression&aulast=Karamustafalioglu&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKaramustafalioglu+O.%3BOzcelik+B.%3BUzun+U.%3BTankaya+O.%3BAlpak+G.%3BCengiz+Y.%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E70220718%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%3A+Conference+Abstract%3C%2FDT%3EEmbaseOvid Technologies( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_50" \o "Karamustafalioglu, 2010 #2255" Karamustafalioglu et al., 2010)HF-rTMS (augmentation), no socio-demographic & clinical data (poster); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply (n=35)15E---Lee et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_58" \o "Lee, 2010 #2252" Lee et al., 2010)HF-rTMS, no response/remission rates (poster) (n=14); corresponding author contacted by email but did not reply16I---Paillere-Martinot et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_77" \o "Paillere Martinot, 2010 #81" Paillere Martinot et al., 2010)HF-rTMS (augmentation)17--XXPallanti et al ADDIN EN.CITE Pallanti20101051(Pallanti, 2010)1051105117Pallanti, S.Bernardi, S.Di Rollo, A.Antonini, S.Quercioli, L.Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. stefano.pallanti@mssm.eduUnilateral low frequency versus sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: is simpler better for treatment of resistant depression?NeuroscienceNeuroscience323-816722010/02/11Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy/*therapyDouble-Blind MethodDrug ResistanceFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychotropic Drugs/therapeutic useTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods2010May 51873-7544 (Electronic)
0306-4522 (Linking)20144692Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'thttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20144692papers2://publication/uuid/6060DD2F-9CBD-48BD-A7DA-7172F56235E110.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.063eng( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_78" \o "Pallanti, 2010 #1051" Pallanti et al., 2010)Bilateral rTMS + LF-rTMS (augmentation)18I---Triggs et al ADDIN EN.CITE Triggs20102231(Triggs, 2010)2231223143Triggs, W. J.Ricciuti, N.Ward, H. E.Cheng, J.Bowers, D.Goodman, W. K.Kluger, B. M.Nadeau, S. E.Neurology Service and the Brain Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197, USA.Right and left dorsolateral pre-frontal rTMS treatment of refractory depression: a randomized, sham-controlled trialPsychiatry ResPsychiatry Res467-743AdolescentAnalysis of VarianceDepression [therapy]Double-Blind MethodFollow-Up StudiesFunctional Laterality [physiology]Prefrontal Cortex [physiology]Prospective StudiesPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesTime FactorsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation [methods]AdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultSr-depressn2010CN-00759653http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clcentral/articles/653/CN-00759653/frame.html( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_97" \o "Triggs, 2010 #2231" Triggs et al., 2010)HF-rTMS (LDLPFC+RDLPFC) (augmentation)19I---Zheng et al ADDIN EN.CITE Zheng20102232(Zheng, 2010)2232223243Zheng, H.Zhang, L.Li, L.Liu, P.Gao, J.Liu, X.Zou, J.Zhang, Y.Liu, J.Zhang, Z.Li, Z.Men, W.Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.High-frequency rTMS treatment increases left prefrontal myo-inositol in young patients with treatment-resistant depressionProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol PsychiatryProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry1189-957Analysis of VarianceDepression [pathology] [therapy]Double-Blind MethodFunctional LateralityInositol [metabolism]Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy [methods]Prefrontal Cortex [metabolism] [radiation effects]Protons [diagnostic use]Statistics as TopicTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation [methods]AdultFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultSr-compmedsr-depressn2010CN-00767950( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_100" \o "Zheng, 2010 #2232" Zheng et al., 2010)HF-rTMS (augmentation)HFAccel.LFBT200920----Bares et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_7" \o "Bares, 2009 #2251" Bares et al., 2009)LF-rTMS + placebo vs. sham rTMS + venlafaxine ER (n=60)21----Carretero et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_14" \o "Carretero, 2009 #2250" Carretero et al., 2009)Single-blind22E---Speer et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_90" \o "Speer, 2009 #1017" Speer et al., 2009)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS (LDLPFC) (monotherapy), no response/remission rates (n=22); corresponding author contacted by email but did not replyHFAccel.LFBT200823----Fitzgerald et al ADDIN EN.CITE Fitzgerald20082249(Fitzgerald, 2008)2249224917Fitzgerald, P. B.A randomized-controlled trial of bilateral rTMS for treatment-resistant depressionProg Neurotherapeutics NeuropsychopharmacolProg Neurotherapeutics Neuropsychopharmacol211-226312008Marchhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed8&AN=2008088736http://mclink.library.mcgill.ca/sfx?sid=OVID:embase&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1017%2FS1748232107000018&issn=1748-2321&isbn=&volume=3&issue=1&spage=211&pages=211-226&date=2008&title=Progress+in+Neurotherapeutics+and+Neuropsychopharmacology&atitle=A+randomized-controlled+trial+of+bilateral+rTMS+for+treatment-resistant+depression&aulast=Fitzgerald&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFitzgerald+P.B.%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E2008088736%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%3A+Article%3C%2FDT%3EEmbaseOvid Technologies( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_20" \o "Fitzgerald, 2008 #2249" Fitzgerald, 2008)Overlap with Fitzgerald et al, 2006 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_21" \o "Fitzgerald, 2006 #114" Fitzgerald et al., 2006)24E---Jakob et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_45" \o "Jakob, 2008 #2253" Jakob et al., 2008)HF-rTMS (augmentation/monotherapy), no response/remission rates (n=36); corresponding author contacted by email and replied that no data on response/remission were collectedHFAccel.LFBT200525----Chistyakov et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_15" \o "Chistyakov, 2005 #170" Chistyakov et al., 2005)3Hz + placebo (LDLPFC) vs. 3Hz + placebo (RDLPFC) vs. 10 Hz + placebo (LDLPFC) vs. 10 Hz + placebo (RDLPFC) vs. sham rTMS + clomipramineHFAccel.LFBT200126----Speer et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_92" \o "Speer, 2001 #2383" Speer et al., 2001)Sample overlap with Speer et al, 2000 ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_91" \o "Speer, 2000 #2384" Speer et al., 2000) 200027E-X-Speer et al ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA ( HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_91" \o "Speer, 2000 #2384" Speer et al., 2000)HF-rTMS + LF-rTMS, < 5 depressed subjects randomized per arm, no response/remission rates (n=10) Abbreviations:
HF High frequency rTMS; Accel. Acceleration of antidepressant response; LF Low frequency rTMS; BT Bilateral rTMS; I Included in this meta-analysis; E Excluded from this meta-analysis.
4. Funnel Plot
4.1 Dropout Rates
5. Forest Plots
5.1 Unipolar MD vs. Mixed Samples: Response Rates
5.2 Unipolar MD vs. Mixed Samples: Remission Rates
5.3 Categorically Defined TRD: Response Rates
5.4 Categorically Defined TRD: Remission Rates
5.5 HF-rTMS for MD: Augmentation vs. Monotherapy Response Rates
5.6 HF-rTMS for MD: Augmentation vs. Monotherapy Remission Rates
5.7 HF-rTMS for MD: Intention-To-Treat vs. Completers Response Rates
5.8 HF-rTMS for MD: Intention-To-Treat vs. Completers Remission Rates
5.9 Baseline Depression Scores
5.10 Dropout Rates: Augmentation vs. Monotherapy
5.11 Cumulative Meta-Analysis on HF- vs. Sham rTMS for Major Depression: Response Rates.
5.12 Cumulative Meta-Analysis on HF- vs. Sham rTMS for Major Depression: Remission Rates.
6. Meta-Regressions
6.1 Frequency (Hz) vs. Response
6.2 %rMT vs. Response
6.3 Total Number of Magnetic Pulses vs. Response
6.4 Total Number of Sessions vs. Response
6.5 Frequency (Hz) vs. Remission
6.6 %rMT vs. Remission
6.7 Total Number of Sessions vs. Remission
6.8 Total Magnetic Pulses vs. Remission
7. References
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