* Replication File for "To Concede or To Resist? The Restraining Effect of Military Alliances"
* 06/20/13

use "FangJohnson&LeedsIOrep.dta", clear

set more off

******************************
*** Descriptive Statistics ***
******************************

sum year
tab dispute
tab targ_resist
sum ally_cost, d

***************
*** Table 2 ***
***************

heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

*********************************
*** Table 2 Robustness Checks ***
*********************************

	* Coding ally resistance as target resistance 

		heckprob ally_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 

	* Coding target resistance with different hostility levels 
	
		heckprob targ_resist3 ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 
		heckprob targ_resist4 ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 
		heckprob targ_resist5 ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 

	* Using only observations where the target had one bilateral alliance 
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win if one_bilateral==1, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Using only observations where the target's allies were all members of the same multilateral alliance 
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win if one_sub_multilateral==1, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Coding the target's costs of damaging its alliance only using the target's strongest alliance 
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost_strongest pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Controlling for the raw capabilities of the target 
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win cap_targ, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Including all allies capabilities in the challenger's probability of winning in war
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win_allies, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win_allies ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Using a two-step probit estimator
	
		probit dispute pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3 
		predict probitxb, xb
		gen pdfprobit = normalden(probitxb)
		gen cdfprobit = normal(probitxb)
		gen imr = pdfprobit/cdfprobit      
		probit targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win imr
		drop probitxb pdfprobit cdfprobit imr

	* Using a probit estimator with selection variables
	
		probit targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3 

	* Including each identifying variable in the outcome equation in turn
		
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win jdem, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win s_un_glo, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 

	* Controlling for the Cold War
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win if cold_war==1, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win if cold_war==0, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win cold_war, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3 cold_war)

	* Controlling for the number of allies the target has
	
		corr ally_cost ally_count
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win ally_count, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3) 

	* Removing observations where the target and challenger are members of a common defense pact
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win if target_challenger_def==0, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Using a threshold of 5 or higher on the polity2 variable
	
		heckprob targ_resist ally_cost pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem5 s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)

	* Excluding the target's cost of damaging its alliance
	
		corr ally_cost c_win
		heckprob targ_resist pchaloff pchalneu c_win, select(dispute=pchaloff pchalneu c_win ln_distance jdem s_un_glo peaceyrs peaceyrs2 peaceyrs3)