------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ name: log: C:\Users\jwright\Documents\My Dropbox\Research\Authoritarian legislature\WilsonWrig > ht\Data files\Replication WilsonWright BJPS\expropriation.log log type: text opened on: 28 Jan 2015, 16:27:15 . . ****************************************************************** . ************ Replicate Jensen et al (2014) ******************* . ****************************************************************** . use jmw_bjps2014, clear . recode cow (680=678) /* Yemen */ (cowcode: 1 changes made) . sort cowcode year . merge cowcode year using gwf_yearly (note: you are using old merge syntax; see [D] merge for new syntax) variables cowcode year do not uniquely identify observations in the master data . tab _merge _merge | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 37 0.78 0.78 2 | 4,650 97.96 98.74 3 | 60 1.26 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 4,747 100.00 . gen p = gwf_personal==1 | gwf_monarch==1 if gwf_mil~=. (37 missing values generated) . gen legXp = p*leg (4687 missing values generated) . gen lparty2Xp = p*lparty2 (4687 missing values generated) . gen inheritXp= p*inherit_1996 (4687 missing values generated) . gen inheritXlparty2= lparty2*inherit_1996 (4652 missing values generated) . corr investor govrisk if p~=. (obs=48) | inv~2006 govrisk -------------+------------------ investo~2006 | 1.0000 govrisk | 0.3181 1.0000 . capture drop _merge . sort cowcode year . save TEMPJensen.dta, replace file TEMPJensen.dta saved . . * Exact replication * . xi: reg govrisk leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 75 F( 7, 67) = 5.32 Prob > F = 0.0001 R-squared = 0.2845 Root MSE = 1.2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .1695785 .4595741 0.37 0.713 -.7477353 1.086892 ln_gdppc_9502 | .6094464 .1367082 4.46 0.000 .3365757 .8823172 _Iht_region_2 | -.2144535 .5031591 -0.43 0.671 -1.218763 .7898563 _Iht_region_3 | .0493568 .5422228 0.09 0.928 -1.032924 1.131638 _Iht_region_4 | .5737447 .3792598 1.51 0.135 -.183261 1.33075 _Iht_region_5 | .7365296 .6752492 1.09 0.279 -.6112735 2.084333 _Iht_region_6 | .5535479 .498025 1.11 0.270 -.4405143 1.54761 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | -.9439121 1.176471 -0.80 0.425 -3.292158 1.404333 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . est store Table1column1 . xi: reg investor leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Linear regression Number of obs = 85 F( 8, 76) = 3.85 Prob > F = 0.0008 R-squared = 0.2587 Root MSE = 1.2445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .5364957 .3941191 1.36 0.177 -.2484606 1.321452 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5136084 .1843413 2.79 0.007 .1464608 .880756 _Iht_region_2 | -.5438264 .6066677 -0.90 0.373 -1.75211 .664457 _Iht_region_3 | -.3902818 .4315175 -0.90 0.369 -1.249723 .4691598 _Iht_region_4 | -.0868294 .3912323 -0.22 0.825 -.866036 .6923773 _Iht_region_5 | 1.312328 .544724 2.41 0.018 .2274157 2.39724 _Iht_region_6 | .545432 .9079133 0.60 0.550 -1.262834 2.353698 _Iht_region_7 | .5864134 .4510748 1.30 0.198 -.3119799 1.484807 _cons | .5728557 1.411459 0.41 0.686 -2.238309 3.38402 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg govrisk lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 75 F( 7, 67) = 5.90 Prob > F = 0.0000 R-squared = 0.2941 Root MSE = 1.1937 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .3660739 .3464443 1.06 0.294 -.3254318 1.05758 ln_gdppc_9502 | .6110319 .1270984 4.81 0.000 .3573424 .8647214 _Iht_region_2 | -.2522141 .5065194 -0.50 0.620 -1.263231 .7588028 _Iht_region_3 | .1398046 .5058721 0.28 0.783 -.8699203 1.149529 _Iht_region_4 | .5769416 .3663099 1.58 0.120 -.154216 1.308099 _Iht_region_5 | .7491208 .6947288 1.08 0.285 -.6375636 2.135805 _Iht_region_6 | .6480906 .5242233 1.24 0.221 -.3982635 1.694445 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | -1.114324 .9482572 -1.18 0.244 -3.007054 .7784049 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg investor lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Linear regression Number of obs = 85 F( 8, 76) = 12.66 Prob > F = 0.0000 R-squared = 0.3398 Root MSE = 1.1745 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | 1.118354 .372641 3.00 0.004 .3761757 1.860533 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5102171 .170486 2.99 0.004 .1706648 .8497694 _Iht_region_2 | -.539764 .6023707 -0.90 0.373 -1.739489 .6599613 _Iht_region_3 | -.0390362 .4349366 -0.09 0.929 -.9052875 .8272151 _Iht_region_4 | .0419118 .3870145 0.11 0.914 -.7288945 .8127181 _Iht_region_5 | 1.603186 .5053725 3.17 0.002 .5966496 2.609723 _Iht_region_6 | .8669257 .7380334 1.17 0.244 -.6029952 2.336847 _Iht_region_7 | .9623693 .3097336 3.11 0.003 .3454813 1.579257 _cons | .0127247 1.346501 0.01 0.992 -2.669065 2.694514 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . * Restrict sample to GWF dictatorships * . xi: reg govrisk leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region if p~=., vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 51 F( 5, 43) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.2993 Root MSE = 1.2345 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .3872754 .5584389 0.69 0.492 .1176215 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5618115 .1434052 3.92 0.000 .5426059 _Iht_region_2 | -.7441954 .3056054 -2.44 0.019 -.0761925 _Iht_region_3 | .3184628 .6421517 0.50 0.622 .1049455 _Iht_region_4 | .779514 .4304651 1.81 0.077 .2864226 _Iht_region_5 | .1265403 .2985065 0.42 0.674 .0129555 _Iht_region_6 | 1.268746 .4389733 2.89 0.006 .2785987 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -1.034372 1.211487 -0.85 0.398 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . est store Table1column2 . sutex govrisk leg p ln_gdppc_9502 _Iht_region_2 _Iht_region_3 _Iht_region_4 _Iht_regio > n_5 _Iht_region_6 _Iht_region_7 if e(sample), minmax digit(2) %------- Begin LaTeX code -------% \begin{table}[htbp]\centering \caption{Summary statistics \label{sumstat}} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c}\hline\hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Variable}} & \textbf{Mean} & \textbf{Std. Dev.}& \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Max.} & \textbf{N}\\ \hline govrisk & 3.59 & 1.37 & 1 & 7 & 51\\ leg & 0.78 & 0.42 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ p & 0.55 & 0.5 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ ln\_gdppc\_9502 & 6.71 & 1.32 & 4.56 & 10 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_2 & 0.02 & 0.14 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_3 & 0.27 & 0.45 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_4 & 0.45 & 0.5 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_5 & 0.02 & 0.14 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_6 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0 & 1 & 51\\ \_Iht\_region\_7 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 51\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} %------- End LaTeX code -------% . xi: reg investor leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region if p~=. , vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 54 F( 5, 46) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3462 Root MSE = 1.2741 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .338349 .5273643 0.64 0.524 .0903782 ln_gdppc_9502 | .6687096 .2560343 2.61 0.012 .5909288 _Iht_region_2 | -1.144387 .4031018 -2.84 0.007 -.1060922 _Iht_region_3 | -.7627058 .5358015 -1.42 0.161 -.2242297 _Iht_region_4 | -.1999666 .5136977 -0.39 0.699 -.0683276 _Iht_region_5 | 2.001753 .383646 5.22 0.000 .1855756 _Iht_region_6 | .3579001 1.017727 0.35 0.727 .0773447 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -.2305292 1.985223 -0.12 0.908 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg govrisk lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region if p~=. , vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 51 F( 5, 43) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3346 Root MSE = 1.2031 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .6724513 .3978525 1.69 0.098 .2304068 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5259879 .1358229 3.87 0.000 .508007 _Iht_region_2 | -.8643663 .3269053 -2.64 0.011 -.0884959 _Iht_region_3 | .4564736 .5762958 0.79 0.433 .1504253 _Iht_region_4 | .7326309 .4287998 1.71 0.095 .269196 _Iht_region_5 | .0146118 .3206105 0.05 0.964 .001496 _Iht_region_6 | 1.463597 .4107018 3.56 0.001 .3213851 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -.9831339 .9753611 -1.01 0.319 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg investor lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region if p~=. , vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 54 F( 5, 46) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3962 Root MSE = 1.2243 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .8693836 .4993889 1.74 0.088 .2619859 ln_gdppc_9502 | .6567351 .2311118 2.84 0.007 .580347 _Iht_region_2 | -1.148567 .4006956 -2.87 0.006 -.1064797 _Iht_region_3 | -.4330587 .5266753 -0.82 0.415 -.127316 _Iht_region_4 | -.0814399 .5101776 -0.16 0.874 -.0278276 _Iht_region_5 | 2.000329 .383347 5.22 0.000 .1854436 _Iht_region_6 | .6554123 .8632053 0.76 0.452 .1416392 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -.6851017 1.824413 -0.38 0.709 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . * Introduce personalism * . xi: reg govrisk leg p legXp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 51 F( 6, 41) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3314 Root MSE = 1.235 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | 1.992791 .5352568 3.72 0.001 .6052412 p | 1.606415 .5577207 2.88 0.006 .590257 legXp | -1.909675 .6505839 -2.94 0.005 -.6738966 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5326237 .1514096 3.52 0.001 .514416 _Iht_region_2 | -.6771906 .3731885 -1.81 0.077 -.0693324 _Iht_region_3 | .3165323 .7020504 0.45 0.654 .1043094 _Iht_region_4 | .6572512 .4298023 1.53 0.134 .2414987 _Iht_region_5 | -.1029998 .4070139 -0.25 0.801 -.0105454 _Iht_region_6 | 1.070003 .556987 1.92 0.062 .2349575 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -2.227445 1.07062 -2.08 0.044 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . gen s = e(sample) . est store Table1column3 . xi: reg investor leg p legXp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 54 F( 7, 44) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3741 Root MSE = 1.2745 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .281878 1.022543 0.28 0.784 .075294 p | -.4435061 1.122167 -0.40 0.695 -.1515439 legXp | -.171753 1.152471 -0.15 0.882 -.0580314 ln_gdppc_9502 | .6807502 .2765278 2.46 0.018 .6015689 _Iht_region_2 | -1.071823 .4323928 -2.48 0.017 -.099365 _Iht_region_3 | -1.04088 .5921058 -1.76 0.086 -.3060109 _Iht_region_4 | -.4382417 .5091637 -0.86 0.394 -.149745 _Iht_region_5 | 1.456288 .4923509 2.96 0.005 .1350074 _Iht_region_6 | -.1967572 1.093999 -0.18 0.858 -.0425206 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | .2959552 2.055534 0.14 0.886 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg govrisk lparty2 p lparty2Xp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 51 F( 7, 41) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.3427 Root MSE = 1.2245 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | 1.132458 .5623402 2.01 0.051 .3880223 p | .5516439 .7732377 0.71 0.480 .2026946 lparty2Xp | -.6939221 .8674765 -0.80 0.428 -.2377635 ln_gdppc_9502 | .4801523 .160135 3.00 0.005 .4637383 _Iht_region_2 | -.9202745 .3893019 -2.36 0.023 -.0942199 _Iht_region_3 | .3520957 .6418929 0.55 0.586 .1160289 _Iht_region_4 | .5569169 .4988749 1.12 0.271 .2046321 _Iht_region_5 | -.1730285 .4752571 -0.36 0.718 -.0177151 _Iht_region_6 | 1.508322 .5532925 2.73 0.009 .3312061 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -.9682744 1.012901 -0.96 0.345 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg investor lparty2 p lparty2Xp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , vce(ro) beta i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 54 F( 7, 44) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4740 Root MSE = 1.1684 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| Beta --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | 2.002791 1.089712 1.84 0.073 .6035345 p | 1.22832 1.141548 1.08 0.288 .4197111 lparty2Xp | -2.067829 1.098933 -1.88 0.067 -.6866599 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5501996 .2256354 2.44 0.019 .4862032 _Iht_region_2 | -1.09247 .4400139 -2.48 0.017 -.1012792 _Iht_region_3 | -.8494722 .6035402 -1.41 0.166 -.2497384 _Iht_region_4 | -.5366377 .5132396 -1.05 0.301 -.1833665 _Iht_region_5 | 1.241428 .5192733 2.39 0.021 .1150885 _Iht_region_6 | .3556474 .9338436 0.38 0.705 .0768579 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) . _cons | -.3920101 1.809023 -0.22 0.829 . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . * Raw data * Reported in Appendix Table A-3 . tab govrisk if p~=. & leg~=. /* median is 3 */ imputed | govrisk | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 3 5.56 5.56 1.892315 | 3 5.56 11.11 2 | 6 11.11 22.22 2.855757 | 4 7.41 29.63 3 | 14 25.93 55.56 3.819199 | 1 1.85 57.41 4 | 9 16.67 74.07 5 | 10 18.52 92.59 6 | 3 5.56 98.15 7 | 1 1.85 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 54 100.00 . gen hirisk1= govrisk<3.8 if govrisk~=. /* low risk cut is above median */ > (4668 missing values generated) . gen hirisk2= govrisk<3 if govrisk~=. /* low risk is below median */ (4668 missing values generated) . . bysort p: tab hirisk1 leg if p~=., col ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk1 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 0 11 | 11 | 0.00 45.83 | 42.31 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 2 13 | 15 | 100.00 54.17 | 57.69 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 2 24 | 26 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk1 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 7 6 | 13 | 70.00 33.33 | 46.43 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 3 12 | 15 | 30.00 66.67 | 53.57 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 10 18 | 28 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = . no observations . bysort p: tab hirisk1 leg if s==1, col ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk1 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 0 11 | 11 | 0.00 50.00 | 47.83 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 1 11 | 12 | 100.00 50.00 | 52.17 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 1 22 | 23 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk1 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 7 6 | 13 | 70.00 33.33 | 46.43 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 3 12 | 15 | 30.00 66.67 | 53.57 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 10 18 | 28 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = . no observations . . bysort p: tab hirisk2 leg if p~=., col ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk2 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 0 19 | 19 | 0.00 79.17 | 73.08 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 2 5 | 7 | 100.00 20.83 | 26.92 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 2 24 | 26 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk2 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 7 12 | 19 | 70.00 66.67 | 67.86 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 3 6 | 9 | 30.00 33.33 | 32.14 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 10 18 | 28 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = . no observations . bysort p: tab hirisk2 leg if s==1, col ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk2 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 0 19 | 19 | 0.00 86.36 | 82.61 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 1 3 | 4 | 100.00 13.64 | 17.39 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 1 22 | 23 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | Legislature hirisk2 | no legisl legislatu | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 7 12 | 19 | 70.00 66.67 | 67.86 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 3 6 | 9 | 30.00 33.33 | 32.14 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 10 18 | 28 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = . no observations . . * KRLS * . gen NA= "NA" if p==. (4710 missing values generated) . replace NA = " " if p~=. (4710 real changes made) . xi: krls govrisk leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , graph i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Iteration = 1, Looloss: 97.78451 Iteration = 2, Looloss: 97.34039 Pointwise Derivatives Number of obs = 75 Lambda = 8.942 Tolerance = .075 Sigma = 7 Eff. df = 3.986 R2 = .1454 Looloss = 97.03 govrisk | Avg. SE t P>|t| P25 P50 P75 ---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- *leg | -.089279 .159587 -0.559 0.578 -.162917 -.084834 -.021012 ln_gdppc_9502 | .06061 .027625 2.194 0.032 .021489 .047473 .109122 *_Iht_region_2 | .036719 .182131 0.202 0.841 -.075632 .118656 .222469 *_Iht_region_3 | .143656 .144434 0.995 0.323 .146205 .17109 .198031 *_Iht_region_4 | -.064539 .150561 -0.429 0.670 -.077545 -.035895 -.032039 *_Iht_region_5 | .078328 .181927 0.431 0.668 -.025681 .189095 .256095 *_Iht_region_6 | .147772 .177381 0.833 0.408 .061907 .250832 .274518 ---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- * average dy/dx is the first difference using the min and max (i.e. usually 0 to 1)(bin=8, start > =-.3340086, width=.08660259) (bin=8, start=-.02955477, width=.0267029) (bin=8, start=-.3340086, width=.08660259) (bin=8, start=-.3340086, width=.08660259) (bin=8, start=-.3340086, width=.08660259) (bin=8, start=-.3340086, width=.08660259) (bin=8, start=-.3340086, width=.08660259) . est store Table2column1 . lowess d_leg ln_gdppc_9502 , mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita (log)" > ) yline(0, lcolor(black)) xlabel(5 (1) 10) ylabel(-.4 (.1) .4) title("All regimes") bwidth( > .8) lineopts(lcolor(red)) . graph export "C:\Users\jwright\Documents\My Dropbox\Research\Authoritarian legislature > \WilsonWright\Latex files\JMPointwiseDerivativesFull.pdf", as(pdf) replace (file C:\Users\jwright\Documents\My Dropbox\Research\Authoritarian legislature\WilsonWright\Late > x files\JMPointwiseDerivativesFull.pdf written in PDF format) . lowess d_leg ln_gdppc_9502 if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita > (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.4 (.1) .4) saving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwi > dth(.8) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_leg ln_gdppc_9502 if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita > (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.4 (.1) .4) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(. > 8) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . lowess d_leg ln_gdppc_9502 if p==., mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita > (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.4 (.1) .4) saving(N) title("Non-Autocracies") bwid > th(.8) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file N.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph N.gph , col(23) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . erase N.gph . . * 2SLS IV * Only investor ~ lparty2 has enough variation for consistent estimates . xi: ivreg2 govrisk (leg legXp=inherit_1996 inheritXp) p ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, r > ffirst partial(i.ht_region p) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iht_region_7 Warning: estimated covariance matrix of moment conditions not of full rank. overidentification statistic not reported, and standard errors and model tests should be interpreted with caution. Possible causes: singleton dummy variable (dummy with one 1 and N-1 0s or vice versa) partial option may address problem. Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 41) P-value leg | 0.3938 | 0.0873 | 2.20 0.1233 legXp | 0.1976 | 0.0438 | 0.65 0.5297 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=1.45 P-val=0.2284 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=1.37 P-val=0.2424 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 0.55 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,41)= 0.06 P-val=0.9442 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=0.14 P-val=0.9310 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=. P-val= . NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 51 Number of regressors K = 3 Number of instruments L = 3 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 7 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 51 F( 3, 41) = 4.62 Prob > F = 0.0071 Total (centered) SS = 79.83545206 Centered R2 = 0.1638 Total (uncentered) SS = 79.83545206 Uncentered R2 = 0.1638 Residual SS = 66.76160737 Root MSE = 1.144 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .6527841 1.930546 0.34 0.735 -3.131017 4.436585 legXp | .1178647 2.873227 0.04 0.967 -5.513557 5.749287 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5979431 .228585 2.62 0.009 .1499247 1.045961 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 1.451 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.2284 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 0.549 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: leg legXp Included instruments: ln_gdppc_9502 Excluded instruments: inherit_1996 inheritXp Partialled-out: _Iht_region_2 _Iht_region_3 _Iht_region_4 _Iht_region_5 _Iht_region_6 p _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iht_region_7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: ivreg2 investor (leg legXp=inherit_1996 inheritXp) p ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, r > ffirst partial(i.ht_region p) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iht_region_7 Warning: estimated covariance matrix of moment conditions not of full rank. overidentification statistic not reported, and standard errors and model tests should be interpreted with caution. Possible causes: singleton dummy variable (dummy with one 1 and N-1 0s or vice versa) partial option may address problem. Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 44) P-value leg | 0.3220 | 0.1313 | 3.96 0.0263 legXp | 0.1159 | 0.0473 | 0.54 0.5891 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=1.33 P-val=0.2492 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=1.31 P-val=0.2517 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 0.54 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,44)= 1.65 P-val=0.2036 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=4.05 P-val=0.1319 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=. P-val= . NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 54 Number of regressors K = 3 Number of instruments L = 3 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 7 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 54 F( 3, 44) = 2.54 Prob > F = 0.0687 Total (centered) SS = 95.69995335 Centered R2 = 0.0580 Total (uncentered) SS = 95.69995335 Uncentered R2 = 0.0580 Residual SS = 90.14523586 Root MSE = 1.292 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | 3.036742 1.96576 1.54 0.122 -.8160778 6.889561 legXp | -1.743021 3.014806 -0.58 0.563 -7.651931 4.165889 ln_gdppc_9502 | .7455165 .3795509 1.96 0.050 .0016103 1.489423 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 1.328 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.2492 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 0.535 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: leg legXp Included instruments: ln_gdppc_9502 Excluded instruments: inherit_1996 inheritXp Partialled-out: _Iht_region_2 _Iht_region_3 _Iht_region_4 _Iht_region_5 _Iht_region_6 p _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iht_region_7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: ivreg2 govrisk (lparty2 lparty2Xp=inherit_1996 inheritXlp) p ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_r > egion, r ffirst partial(i.ht_region p) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iht_region_7 Warning: estimated covariance matrix of moment conditions not of full rank. overidentification statistic not reported, and standard errors and model tests should be interpreted with caution. Possible causes: singleton dummy variable (dummy with one 1 and N-1 0s or vice versa) partial option may address problem. Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 41) P-value lparty2 | 0.1345 | 0.8019 | 133.05 0.0000 lparty2Xp | 0.0985 | 0.5872 | 15.14 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=2.88 P-val=0.0894 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=4.24 P-val=0.0395 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 1.70 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,41)= 0.50 P-val=0.6106 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=1.24 P-val=0.5374 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=. P-val= . NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 51 Number of regressors K = 3 Number of instruments L = 3 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 7 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 51 F( 3, 41) = 4.80 Prob > F = 0.0059 Total (centered) SS = 79.83545206 Centered R2 = 0.2179 Total (uncentered) SS = 79.83545206 Uncentered R2 = 0.2179 Residual SS = 62.44127259 Root MSE = 1.106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .5168057 2.077977 0.25 0.804 -3.555954 4.589565 lparty2Xp | -.0679173 2.956924 -0.02 0.982 -5.863382 5.727547 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5256118 .250585 2.10 0.036 .0344742 1.016749 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 2.885 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0894 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 1.704 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: lparty2 lparty2Xp Included instruments: ln_gdppc_9502 Excluded instruments: inherit_1996 inheritXlparty2 Partialled-out: _Iht_region_2 _Iht_region_3 _Iht_region_4 _Iht_region_5 _Iht_region_6 p _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iht_region_7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: ivreg2 investor (lparty2 lparty2Xp=inherit_1996 inheritXlp) p ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_r > egion, r ffirst partial(i.ht_region p) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iht_region_7 Warning: estimated covariance matrix of moment conditions not of full rank. overidentification statistic not reported, and standard errors and model tests should be interpreted with caution. Possible causes: singleton dummy variable (dummy with one 1 and N-1 0s or vice versa) partial option may address problem. Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 44) P-value lparty2 | 0.1555 | 0.7773 | 89.14 0.0000 lparty2Xp | 0.1132 | 0.5659 | 28.16 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=3.56 P-val=0.0593 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=5.95 P-val=0.0147 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 2.43 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,44)= 0.96 P-val=0.3905 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=2.36 P-val=0.3076 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=. P-val= . NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 54 Number of regressors K = 3 Number of instruments L = 3 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 7 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 54 F( 3, 44) = 3.25 Prob > F = 0.0307 Total (centered) SS = 95.69995335 Centered R2 = 0.3416 Total (uncentered) SS = 95.69995335 Uncentered R2 = 0.3416 Residual SS = 63.00887683 Root MSE = 1.08 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust investor_2006 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | 2.59182 1.556871 1.66 0.096 -.4595919 5.643232 lparty2Xp | -3.310327 2.080259 -1.59 0.112 -7.38756 .7669066 ln_gdppc_9502 | .4738161 .2118162 2.24 0.025 .0586639 .8889683 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 3.556 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0593 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 2.425 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: lparty2 lparty2Xp Included instruments: ln_gdppc_9502 Excluded instruments: inherit_1996 inheritXlparty2 Partialled-out: _Iht_region_2 _Iht_region_3 _Iht_region_4 _Iht_region_5 _Iht_region_6 p _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iht_region_7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . * Alternative property rights * Only enough obs in hf_prights . xi: reg gcr leg p legXp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: legXp omitted because of collinearity note: _Iht_region_2 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 38 F( 6, 30) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4805 Root MSE = .77221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust gcr_prop~2008 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | .1028132 .4390805 0.23 0.816 -.7939088 .9995352 p | .0689235 .418136 0.16 0.870 -.7850243 .9228712 legXp | 0 (omitted) ln_gdppc_9502 | .2640388 .1623615 1.63 0.114 -.0675477 .5956253 _Iht_region_2 | 0 (omitted) _Iht_region_3 | .7741033 .5614986 1.38 0.178 -.3726299 1.920837 _Iht_region_4 | .102026 .3723078 0.27 0.786 -.658328 .86238 _Iht_region_5 | .2075808 .4733346 0.44 0.664 -.7590975 1.174259 _Iht_region_6 | .9167507 .6374256 1.44 0.161 -.3850459 2.218547 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 2.035023 1.208106 1.68 0.102 -.432258 4.502304 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg hf_prights leg p legXp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 50 F( 6, 40) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4677 Root MSE = 13.068 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust hf_prights | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | 26.49762 4.494945 5.89 0.000 17.413 35.58224 p | 29.08816 8.186036 3.55 0.001 12.54356 45.63275 legXp | -31.49159 8.869991 -3.55 0.001 -49.41852 -13.56467 ln_gdppc_9502 | 8.251423 2.854455 2.89 0.006 2.482356 14.02049 _Iht_region_2 | -18.63875 3.37959 -5.52 0.000 -25.46916 -11.80835 _Iht_region_3 | -5.324041 5.386138 -0.99 0.329 -16.20983 5.561749 _Iht_region_4 | 5.382327 4.213404 1.28 0.209 -3.13328 13.89793 _Iht_region_5 | -2.940718 3.939963 -0.75 0.460 -10.90368 5.022243 _Iht_region_6 | -2.573513 7.666828 -0.34 0.739 -18.06875 12.92173 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | -45.26393 19.12691 -2.37 0.023 -83.92087 -6.607 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg fi_legprop leg p legXp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 30 F( 5, 20) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.6798 Root MSE = 1.2362 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust fi_legprop | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- leg | -.6296568 .7320448 -0.86 0.400 -2.156675 .8973618 p | -.0400224 .4964355 -0.08 0.937 -1.075569 .995524 legXp | -.0500699 .8292152 -0.06 0.952 -1.779783 1.679643 ln_gdppc_9502 | .4588952 .1819855 2.52 0.020 .0792801 .8385104 _Iht_region_2 | -1.928124 .2532236 -7.61 0.000 -2.456339 -1.399909 _Iht_region_3 | .7993931 .6933339 1.15 0.263 -.646876 2.245662 _Iht_region_4 | -.2806175 .5399564 -0.52 0.609 -1.406947 .8457118 _Iht_region_5 | -1.323801 .729073 -1.82 0.084 -2.844621 .1970184 _Iht_region_6 | 1.87655 .8343128 2.25 0.036 .1362038 3.616896 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 1.744486 1.453152 1.20 0.244 -1.286736 4.775708 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg gcr lparty2 p lparty2Xp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_2 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 38 F( 6, 29) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4824 Root MSE = .78399 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust gcr_prop~2008 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .2966154 .550231 0.54 0.594 -.8287334 1.421964 p | .2819376 .9085149 0.31 0.759 -1.576184 2.140059 lparty2Xp | -.2085778 .7921776 -0.26 0.794 -1.828763 1.411607 ln_gdppc_9502 | .2494182 .1831161 1.36 0.184 -.1250962 .6239326 _Iht_region_2 | 0 (omitted) _Iht_region_3 | .7958053 .5862069 1.36 0.185 -.4031223 1.994733 _Iht_region_4 | .0939214 .3787909 0.25 0.806 -.6807929 .8686357 _Iht_region_5 | .2114587 .480968 0.44 0.663 -.7722313 1.195149 _Iht_region_6 | .9949484 .766329 1.30 0.204 -.5723704 2.562267 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 1.928962 .8143298 2.37 0.025 .263471 3.594454 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg hf_prights lparty2 p lparty2Xp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 50 F( 7, 40) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.5184 Root MSE = 12.43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust hf_prights | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | 21.28914 5.777329 3.68 0.001 9.612719 32.96555 p | 25.28417 9.051765 2.79 0.008 6.989868 43.57847 lparty2Xp | -29.87187 9.048173 -3.30 0.002 -48.15891 -11.58483 ln_gdppc_9502 | 6.944359 2.389632 2.91 0.006 2.114733 11.77399 _Iht_region_2 | -20.78711 3.236803 -6.42 0.000 -27.32893 -14.24528 _Iht_region_3 | -7.793289 5.501138 -1.42 0.164 -18.9115 3.324925 _Iht_region_4 | 1.889696 4.205772 0.45 0.656 -6.610486 10.38988 _Iht_region_5 | -6.972605 4.65672 -1.50 0.142 -16.38419 2.438978 _Iht_region_6 | 1.488844 7.027521 0.21 0.833 -12.71431 15.69199 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | -27.83293 16.75678 -1.66 0.105 -61.69965 6.033797 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: reg fi_legprop lparty2 p lparty2Xp ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 30 F( 5, 20) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.6798 Root MSE = 1.2362 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust fi_legprop | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | -.6296568 .7320448 -0.86 0.400 -2.156675 .8973618 p | -.0400224 .4964355 -0.08 0.937 -1.075569 .995524 lparty2Xp | -.0500699 .8292152 -0.06 0.952 -1.779783 1.679643 ln_gdppc_9502 | .4588952 .1819855 2.52 0.020 .0792801 .8385104 _Iht_region_2 | -1.928124 .2532236 -7.61 0.000 -2.456339 -1.399909 _Iht_region_3 | .7993931 .6933339 1.15 0.263 -.646876 2.245662 _Iht_region_4 | -.2806175 .5399564 -0.52 0.609 -1.406947 .8457118 _Iht_region_5 | -1.323801 .729073 -1.82 0.084 -2.844621 .1970184 _Iht_region_6 | 1.87655 .8343128 2.25 0.036 .1362038 3.616896 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 1.744486 1.453152 1.20 0.244 -1.286736 4.775708 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . * Ordered probit * . tab govrisk imputed | govrisk | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 4 5.06 5.06 1.892315 | 3 3.80 8.86 2 | 10 12.66 21.52 2.855757 | 5 6.33 27.85 3 | 20 25.32 53.16 3.819199 | 1 1.27 54.43 4 | 16 20.25 74.68 5 | 13 16.46 91.14 5.746083 | 1 1.27 92.41 6 | 4 5.06 97.47 7 | 2 2.53 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 79 100.00 . replace govrisk = 2 if govrisk>=1.5&govrisk<2.5 (3 real changes made) . replace govrisk = 3 if govrisk>=2.5&govrisk<3.5 (5 real changes made) . replace govrisk = 4 if govrisk>=3.5&govrisk<4.5 (1 real change made) . replace govrisk = 5 if govrisk>=4.5&govrisk<5.5 (0 real changes made) . replace govrisk = 6 if govrisk>=5.5&govrisk<6.5 (1 real change made) . replace govrisk = 7 if govrisk>=6.5&govrisk<7.5 (0 real changes made) . . xi: oprobit govrisk lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Iteration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -126.07557 Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -113.90933 Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -113.83468 Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -113.83454 Iteration 4: log pseudolikelihood = -113.83454 Ordered probit regression Number of obs = 75 Wald chi2(7) = 36.37 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudolikelihood = -113.83454 Pseudo R2 = 0.0971 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lparty2 | .3434122 .3160386 1.09 0.277 -.2760122 .9628366 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5556486 .1202276 4.62 0.000 .3200069 .7912903 _Iht_region_2 | -.2730256 .4322842 -0.63 0.528 -1.120287 .5742359 _Iht_region_3 | .0573837 .4365529 0.13 0.895 -.7982442 .9130116 _Iht_region_4 | .4850573 .3191492 1.52 0.129 -.1404637 1.110578 _Iht_region_5 | .6612931 .6296712 1.05 0.294 -.5728398 1.895426 _Iht_region_6 | .5914992 .4823573 1.23 0.220 -.3539038 1.536902 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /cut1 | 2.323404 .8912232 .5766388 4.07017 /cut2 | 3.203101 .8878413 1.462965 4.943238 /cut3 | 4.250655 .9030297 2.480749 6.020561 /cut4 | 4.994829 .9082022 3.214785 6.774872 /cut5 | 5.927958 .95174 4.062582 7.793334 /cut6 | 6.775856 .9651343 4.884227 8.667484 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: oprobit govrisk p lparty2Xp lparty2 ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Iteration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -85.102483 Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -74.507974 Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -74.42052 Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -74.420251 Iteration 4: log pseudolikelihood = -74.420251 Ordered probit regression Number of obs = 51 Wald chi2(7) = . Prob > chi2 = . Log pseudolikelihood = -74.420251 Pseudo R2 = 0.1255 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | .4722583 .6794629 0.70 0.487 -.8594646 1.803981 lparty2Xp | -.5780956 .7560349 -0.76 0.444 -2.059897 .9037055 lparty2 | 1.058628 .4920705 2.15 0.031 .0941871 2.023068 ln_gdppc_9502 | .4649788 .1555118 2.99 0.003 .1601812 .7697765 _Iht_region_2 | -.8840619 .3634984 -2.43 0.015 -1.596506 -.171618 _Iht_region_3 | .3209426 .5409258 0.59 0.553 -.7392524 1.381138 _Iht_region_4 | .5408738 .4250775 1.27 0.203 -.2922628 1.37401 _Iht_region_5 | -.1513158 .4076739 -0.37 0.711 -.950342 .6477105 _Iht_region_6 | 1.560247 .4877671 3.20 0.001 .6042414 2.516253 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /cut1 | 2.51879 1.026225 .5074258 4.530154 /cut2 | 3.23222 .9927735 1.286419 5.17802 /cut3 | 4.409926 1.040851 2.369896 6.449956 /cut4 | 5.085356 1.066755 2.994555 7.176156 /cut5 | 6.180501 1.156149 3.91449 8.446512 /cut6 | 7.248383 1.137452 5.019019 9.477747 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xi: oprobit govrisk p legXp leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region , vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) note: _Iht_region_7 omitted because of collinearity Iteration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -85.102483 Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -74.974722 Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -74.895749 Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -74.895394 Iteration 4: log pseudolikelihood = -74.895394 Ordered probit regression Number of obs = 51 Wald chi2(6) = . Prob > chi2 = . Log pseudolikelihood = -74.895394 Pseudo R2 = 0.1199 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust govrisk | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | 1.465131 .5394072 2.72 0.007 .4079125 2.52235 legXp | -1.730017 .6341326 -2.73 0.006 -2.972894 -.4871401 leg | 1.871285 .5411708 3.46 0.001 .8106096 2.93196 ln_gdppc_9502 | .5031848 .1504306 3.34 0.001 .2083463 .7980233 _Iht_region_2 | -.6720462 .3435598 -1.96 0.050 -1.345411 .0013185 _Iht_region_3 | .2770034 .5964987 0.46 0.642 -.8921125 1.446119 _Iht_region_4 | .6130961 .3721789 1.65 0.099 -.1163611 1.342553 _Iht_region_5 | -.1035667 .3540815 -0.29 0.770 -.7975538 .5904204 _Iht_region_6 | 1.100533 .4719442 2.33 0.020 .175539 2.025526 _Iht_region_7 | 0 (omitted) --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /cut1 | 3.615604 1.04585 1.565775 5.665432 /cut2 | 4.327904 1.072679 2.225492 6.430316 /cut3 | 5.513885 1.175215 3.210507 7.817264 /cut4 | 6.18672 1.19461 3.845328 8.528113 /cut5 | 7.25215 1.267078 4.768722 9.735578 /cut6 | 8.250731 1.281768 5.738511 10.76295 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . ************************************************************************************ . ****************** Analysis of ONDD data from 2002-2008 **************************** . ************************************************************************************ . use ATH, clear . merge cow year using "ONDD data 1992_2013.dta" (note: you are using old merge syntax; see [D] merge for new syntax) . tab _merge if year<2011 _merge | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 4,314 66.57 66.57 2 | 805 12.42 79.00 3 | 1,361 21.00 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 6,480 100.00 . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1946 to 2013, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen oil = l.ross_loil (2479 missing values generated) . gen plgdp = l.pwt_lgdppc (2823 missing values generated) . gen wlgdp = l.wdi_lgdppc (3189 missing values generated) . gen lgdp = l.mad_lgdppc (1946 missing values generated) . gen lgdp5 = mad_l5lgdppc /* this one maximizes > sample coverage */ (2062 missing values generated) . gen legis = cg_gleg>1 if cg_gleg~=. /* binary indicator of ELECTED legislature, f > rom CGV (2010) lagged one year */ (1445 missing values generated) . gen pers = geddes_pers==1 | geddes_mon==1 if geddes_pers~=. (2235 missing values generated) . . * Pooled models * . xi: reg Exprop lgdp5 legis i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 381 F( 8, 63) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4699 Root MSE = 1.0533 (Std. Err. adjusted for 64 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.152132 .159896 -7.21 0.000 -1.471659 -.8326054 legis | -.6462176 .4321429 -1.50 0.140 -1.509786 .2173511 _Igeddes_re_2 | -.9299684 .4715201 -1.97 0.053 -1.872226 .0122893 _Igeddes_re_3 | .4987762 .8725931 0.57 0.570 -1.244962 2.242514 _Igeddes_re_4 | -1.682139 .4961418 -3.39 0.001 -2.673599 -.6906783 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.9389918 .6980667 -1.35 0.183 -2.333967 .4559833 _Igeddes_re_6 | -2.06737 .6149722 -3.36 0.001 -3.296294 -.8384462 _Igeddes_re_7 | 2.422164 .4578803 5.29 0.000 1.507163 3.337165 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.463842 .4550806 -5.41 0.000 -3.373248 -1.554436 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 15.20808 1.212454 12.54 0.000 12.78519 17.63098 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . est store ondd1 . tab legis pers if e(sample), col +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | pers legis | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 23 43 | 66 | 12.11 22.51 | 17.32 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 167 148 | 315 | 87.89 77.49 | 82.68 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 190 191 | 381 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 . bysort pers: table legis if e(sample), c(mean Expr) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> pers = 0 -------------------------- legis | mean(Exprop~n) ----------+--------------- 0 | 5.782609 1 | 3.904192 -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> pers = 1 -------------------------- legis | mean(Exprop~n) ----------+--------------- 0 | 3.953488 1 | 4.22973 -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> pers = . no observations . xi: reg Exprop lgdp5 legis pers i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 381 F( 9, 63) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.4898 Root MSE = 1.0347 (Std. Err. adjusted for 64 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.186224 .1626952 -7.29 0.000 -1.511345 -.8611039 legis | -.7120243 .4053295 -1.76 0.084 -1.522011 .0979621 pers | -.4673742 .3245766 -1.44 0.155 -1.115989 .1812403 _Igeddes_re_2 | -.7911749 .3700133 -2.14 0.036 -1.530588 -.0517622 _Igeddes_re_3 | .8681741 .8610713 1.01 0.317 -.8525397 2.588888 _Igeddes_re_4 | -1.813851 .4083185 -4.44 0.000 -2.62981 -.9978912 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.7076801 .6223594 -1.14 0.260 -1.951366 .5360059 _Igeddes_re_6 | -2.014209 .4960545 -4.06 0.000 -3.005495 -1.022923 _Igeddes_re_7 | 2.801272 .4314623 6.49 0.000 1.939064 3.663481 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.379938 .3727896 -6.38 0.000 -3.124898 -1.634977 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 15.66745 1.222754 12.81 0.000 13.22397 18.11093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . est store ondd2 . xi: reg Exprop lgdp5 i.legis*pers i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 381 F( 10, 63) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.5115 Root MSE = 1.0139 (Std. Err. adjusted for 64 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.148575 .1562038 -7.35 0.000 -1.460723 -.8364265 _Ilegis_1 | -1.437022 .6092678 -2.36 0.021 -2.654547 -.2194975 pers | -1.501714 .7289588 -2.06 0.044 -2.958422 -.0450065 _IlegXpers_1 | 1.232441 .7259468 1.70 0.094 -.2182483 2.68313 _Igeddes_re_2 | -.8947819 .419143 -2.13 0.037 -1.732372 -.0571914 _Igeddes_re_3 | .6828607 .8726558 0.78 0.437 -1.061003 2.426724 _Igeddes_re_4 | -1.884211 .4376025 -4.31 0.000 -2.75869 -1.009732 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.6448588 .6303547 -1.02 0.310 -1.904522 .6148046 _Igeddes_re_6 | -1.954159 .5591768 -3.49 0.001 -3.071585 -.8367333 _Igeddes_re_7 | 2.605235 .4556608 5.72 0.000 1.69467 3.515801 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.426331 .3969982 -6.11 0.000 -3.219669 -1.632994 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 16.05324 1.223455 13.12 0.000 13.60836 18.49811 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . lincom _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.2045814 .4060741 -0.50 0.616 -1.016056 .6068929 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store ondd3 . * order probit * . xi: oprobit Exprop lgdp5 i.legis*pers i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity Iteration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -667.24906 Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -532.06802 Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -530.39357 Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -530.38924 Iteration 4: log pseudolikelihood = -530.38924 Ordered probit regression Number of obs = 381 Wald chi2(10) = . Prob > chi2 = . Log pseudolikelihood = -530.38924 Pseudo R2 = 0.2051 (Std. Err. adjusted for 64 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.198218 .184713 -6.49 0.000 -1.560249 -.8361877 _Ilegis_1 | -1.60226 .6697524 -2.39 0.017 -2.91495 -.2895692 pers | -1.645857 .8060278 -2.04 0.041 -3.225643 -.0660717 _IlegXpers_1 | 1.376519 .796165 1.73 0.084 -.1839356 2.936974 _Igeddes_re_2 | -1.011089 .465065 -2.17 0.030 -1.922599 -.0995781 _Igeddes_re_3 | .6412662 .8886642 0.72 0.471 -1.100484 2.383016 _Igeddes_re_4 | -2.055871 .4937941 -4.16 0.000 -3.02369 -1.088053 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.7011107 .6506692 -1.08 0.281 -1.976399 .5741775 _Igeddes_re_6 | -2.053986 .5891996 -3.49 0.000 -3.208796 -.899176 _Igeddes_re_7 | 3.217459 .5143132 6.26 0.000 2.209423 4.225494 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.572799 .4994674 -5.15 0.000 -3.551737 -1.59386 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /cut1 | -15.16255 1.607558 -18.3133 -12.01179 /cut2 | -14.20208 1.576153 -17.29128 -11.11287 /cut3 | -13.22906 1.542412 -16.25214 -10.20599 /cut4 | -12.21148 1.51416 -15.17918 -9.243776 /cut5 | -11.26206 1.489467 -14.18136 -8.34276 /cut6 | -9.911851 1.427918 -12.71052 -7.113184 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . * control for oil * . xi: reg Exprop lgdp5 i.legis*pers oil i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 323 F( 11, 61) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.5125 Root MSE = 1.0117 (Std. Err. adjusted for 62 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.20091 .1551586 -7.74 0.000 -1.511168 -.8906508 _Ilegis_1 | -1.504025 .637065 -2.36 0.021 -2.777916 -.2301353 pers | -1.566994 .7518611 -2.08 0.041 -3.070433 -.0635548 _IlegXpers_1 | 1.370685 .7313394 1.87 0.066 -.0917183 2.833089 oil | .0700562 .0505214 1.39 0.171 -.0309677 .1710801 _Igeddes_re_2 | -1.132675 .4883253 -2.32 0.024 -2.109142 -.1562086 _Igeddes_re_3 | .4814782 1.03894 0.46 0.645 -1.59601 2.558966 _Igeddes_re_4 | -1.912365 .4882282 -3.92 0.000 -2.888637 -.9360921 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.9157029 .6993731 -1.31 0.195 -2.314186 .4827801 _Igeddes_re_6 | -2.113807 .6019826 -3.51 0.001 -3.317545 -.9100681 _Igeddes_re_7 | 2.505067 .5630475 4.45 0.000 1.379184 3.63095 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.486635 .4260187 -5.84 0.000 -3.338512 -1.634758 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 16.40904 1.193865 13.74 0.000 14.02176 18.79632 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . * 3 different lagged lgdp measures, with differing sample coverage * . xi: qui reg Exprop lgdp i.legis*pers i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) . lincom _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1388338 .4065189 -0.34 0.734 -.9514535 .6737858 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Ilegis_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.390816 .5417986 -2.57 0.013 -2.473856 -.3077764 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg Exprop plgdp i.legis*pers oil i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) . lincom _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.4016051 .4292349 -0.94 0.354 -1.262541 .4593311 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Ilegis_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.434818 .8092828 -1.77 0.082 -3.058034 .1883976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg Exprop wlgdp i.legis*pers oil i.geddes_region if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) . lincom _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.5483311 .3864328 -1.42 0.161 -1.32215 .2254873 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Ilegis_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.420984 .8134116 -1.75 0.086 -3.049813 .2078445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * Year Fixed effects * . xi: reg Exprop lgdp5 i.legis*pers i.geddes_region i.year if pers~=., cluster(cow) i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) i.year _Iyear_1946-2013 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1946 omitted) note: _Igeddes_re_9 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1947 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1948 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1949 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1950 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1951 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1952 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1953 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1954 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1955 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1956 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1957 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1958 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1959 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1960 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1961 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1962 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1963 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1964 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1965 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1966 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1967 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1968 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1969 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1970 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1971 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1972 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1973 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1974 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1975 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1976 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1977 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1978 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1979 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1980 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1981 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1982 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1983 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1984 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1985 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1986 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1987 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1988 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1989 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1990 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1991 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1992 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1993 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1994 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1995 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1996 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1997 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1998 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_1999 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2000 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2001 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2005 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2009 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2010 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2011 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2012 omitted because of collinearity note: _Iyear_2013 omitted because of collinearity Linear regression Number of obs = 381 F( 16, 63) = . Prob > F = . R-squared = 0.5138 Root MSE = 1.0198 (Std. Err. adjusted for 64 clusters in cowcode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust Expropriation | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- lgdp5 | -1.143387 .1579653 -7.24 0.000 -1.459055 -.8277182 _Ilegis_1 | -1.430405 .6179144 -2.31 0.024 -2.665209 -.1956018 pers | -1.502848 .737582 -2.04 0.046 -2.976788 -.0289082 _IlegXpers_1 | 1.232249 .7347415 1.68 0.098 -.2360148 2.700513 _Igeddes_re_2 | -.8652394 .437331 -1.98 0.052 -1.739176 .0086969 _Igeddes_re_3 | .698191 .8861277 0.79 0.434 -1.072594 2.468976 _Igeddes_re_4 | -1.86062 .4521208 -4.12 0.000 -2.764111 -.9571283 _Igeddes_re_5 | -.6302343 .6415223 -0.98 0.330 -1.912214 .6517458 _Igeddes_re_6 | -1.934892 .5766149 -3.36 0.001 -3.087165 -.7826191 _Igeddes_re_7 | 2.685582 .4717387 5.69 0.000 1.742888 3.628277 _Igeddes_re_8 | -2.402876 .4186839 -5.74 0.000 -3.239549 -1.566203 _Igeddes_re_9 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1947 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1948 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1949 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1950 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1951 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1952 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1953 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1954 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1955 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1956 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1957 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1958 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1959 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1960 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1961 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1962 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1963 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1964 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1965 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1966 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1967 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1968 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1969 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1970 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1971 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1972 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1973 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1974 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1975 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1976 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1977 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1978 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1979 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1980 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1981 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1982 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1983 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1984 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1985 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1986 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1987 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1988 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1989 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1990 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1991 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1992 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1993 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1994 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1995 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1996 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1997 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1998 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_1999 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2000 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2001 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2002 | .0539946 .1180646 0.46 0.649 -.1819385 .2899278 _Iyear_2003 | .1265204 .1179465 1.07 0.288 -.109177 .3622177 _Iyear_2004 | .0542331 .0673876 0.80 0.424 -.0804302 .1888963 _Iyear_2005 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2006 | -.0923719 .0876077 -1.05 0.296 -.2674419 .082698 _Iyear_2007 | -.0548672 .0982103 -0.56 0.578 -.2511247 .1413904 _Iyear_2008 | -.0257942 .0970613 -0.27 0.791 -.2197558 .1681674 _Iyear_2009 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2010 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2011 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2012 | 0 (omitted) _Iyear_2013 | 0 (omitted) _cons | 15.97882 1.252722 12.76 0.000 13.47545 18.48218 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . lincom _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1981564 .4053764 -0.49 0.627 -1.008237 .6119238 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Ilegis_1 ( 1) _Ilegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.430405 .6179144 -2.31 0.024 -2.665209 -.1956018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . . * Cross-section model by year * . global dv = "Expropriation" . global cov = "lgdp5 i.legis*pers i.geddes_region" . local max = 2008 . local min = 2003 . local d = `max' - `min' +1 . matrix beta = J(`d',7,.) > /* define an empty matrix to store information */ . matrix interx = J(`d',3,.) > /* define an empty matrix to store information */ . forvalues i = `min'(1)`max' { 2. local q= `i'-(`min'-1) 3. matrix beta[`q',1]= `i' > /* first column is year */ 4. xi: qui reg $dv $cov if pers~=. & year==`i', vce(ro) 5. sum legis if e(sample) & pers==0, meanonly 6. matrix beta[`q',2]= r(mean) > /* second column is share of non-personalists with legislature */ 7. lincomest _Ilegis_1 8. matrix x =e(b) 9. matrix beta[`q',3]= x[1,1] > /* third column is estimate in non-personalists */ 10. matrix x =e(V) 11. matrix beta[`q',4]= sqrt(x[1,1]) > /* fourth column is SE in non-personalists */ 12. xi: qui reg $dv $cov if pers~=. & year==`i', vce(ro) 13. sum legis if e(sample) & pers==1, meanonly 14. matrix beta[`q',5]= r(mean) > /* fifth column is share of personalists with legislature */ 15. lincomest _Ilegis_1 + _IlegXpers_1 16. matrix x =e(b) 17. matrix beta[`q',6]= x[1,1] > /* sixth column is estimate in personalists */ 18. matrix x =e(V) 19. matrix beta[`q',7]= sqrt(x[1,1]) > /* seventh column is SE in personalists */ 20. matrix interx[`q',1]= `i' > /* first column is year */ 21. xi: qui reg $dv $cov if pers~=. & year==`i', vce(ro) 22. lincomest _IlegXpers_1 23. matrix x =e(b) 24. matrix interx[`q',2]= x[1,1] > /* second column is interaction estimate */ 25. matrix x =e(V) 26. matrix interx[`q',3]= sqrt(x[1,1]) > /* third column is interaction SE */ 27. } i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.285353 .737921 -1.74 0.089 -2.773512 .2028069 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1370424 .7102122 -0.19 0.848 -1.569322 1.295237 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 1.14831 1.047314 1.10 0.279 -.9637994 3.26042 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -2.373479 .6505761 -3.65 0.001 -3.686394 -1.060563 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1645259 .4169497 -0.39 0.695 -1.005965 .6769128 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 2.208953 .7589323 2.91 0.006 .6773654 3.74054 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -2.175603 .6839135 -3.18 0.003 -3.556795 -.794412 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.2896659 .5661545 -0.51 0.612 -1.433038 .8537063 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 1.885937 .872985 2.16 0.037 .1229083 3.648966 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.684751 .8824789 -1.91 0.063 -3.46444 .094937 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.2947339 .4564462 -0.65 0.522 -1.215245 .6257777 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 1.390017 .9847634 1.41 0.165 -.5959473 3.375982 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.610953 .697742 -2.31 0.026 -3.016278 -.2056285 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .1544152 .6322793 0.24 0.808 -1.119061 1.427891 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 1.765368 .9504109 1.86 0.070 -.1488575 3.679594 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.192046 1.030363 -1.16 0.254 -3.268607 .8845149 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _Ilegis_1+_IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .2290576 .6030372 0.38 0.706 -.9862841 1.444399 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i.legis _Ilegis_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ilegis_0 omitted) i.legis*pers _IlegXpers_# (coded as above) i.geddes_region _Igeddes_re_1-9 (_Igeddes_re_1 for g~gion==cacar omitted) Confidence interval for formula: _IlegXpers_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expropriat~n | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | 1.421104 1.186199 1.20 0.237 -.9695238 3.811731 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . matrix list beta beta[6,7] c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 r1 2003 .84615385 -1.2853526 .73792097 .75 -.1370424 .71021222 r2 2004 .92307692 -2.3734786 .65057607 .77777778 -.16452589 .41694974 r3 2005 .92307692 -2.1756033 .68391346 .76923077 -.28966595 .56615452 r4 2006 .89285714 -1.6847513 .88247887 .77777778 -.29473389 .45644623 r5 2007 .86206897 -1.6109531 .69774205 .82142857 .15441518 .63227929 r6 2008 .89285714 -1.1920459 1.0303633 .82142857 .22905764 .60303724 . matrix list interx interx[6,3] c1 c2 c3 r1 2003 1.1483102 1.0473138 r2 2004 2.2089527 .75893225 r3 2005 1.8859374 .87298503 r4 2006 1.3900174 .98476341 r5 2007 1.7653683 .95041087 r6 2008 1.4211035 1.1861991 . outtable using AppendixTable6, mat(beta) replace norowlab format(%9.2f) center . estout ondd* using AppendixTable5.tex, cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par fmt(%9.2f))) stats(ll > r2 N) style(tex) replace label starlevels(+ 0.10 * 0.05 ** 0.01) title(\label{Atab5}) \label{Atab5} & ondd1 & ondd2 & ondd3 \\ & b/se & b/se & b/se \\ lgdp5 & -1.152**& -1.186**& -1.149**\\ & (0.16) & (0.16) & (0.16) \\ legis & -0.646 & -0.712+ & \\ & (0.43) & (0.41) & \\ geddes_region==casia& -0.930+ & -0.791* & -0.895* \\ & (0.47) & (0.37) & (0.42) \\ geddes_region==ceeurope& 0.499 & 0.868 & 0.683 \\ & (0.87) & (0.86) & (0.87) \\ geddes_region==easia& -1.682**& -1.814**& -1.884**\\ & (0.50) & (0.41) & (0.44) \\ geddes_region==meast& -0.939 & -0.708 & -0.645 \\ & (0.70) & (0.62) & (0.63) \\ geddes_region==nafrica& -2.067**& -2.014**& -1.954**\\ & (0.61) & (0.50) & (0.56) \\ geddes_region==samerica& 2.422**& 2.801**& 2.605**\\ & (0.46) & (0.43) & (0.46) \\ geddes_region==ssafrica& -2.464**& -2.380**& -2.426**\\ & (0.46) & (0.37) & (0.40) \\ geddes_region==weu & . & . & . \\ & . & . & . \\ pers & & -0.467 & -1.502* \\ & & (0.32) & (0.73) \\ legis==1 & & & -1.437* \\ & & & (0.61) \\ (legis==1)*pers & & & 1.232+ \\ & & & (0.73) \\ _cons & 15.208**& 15.667**& 16.053**\\ & (1.21) & (1.22) & (1.22) \\ ll & -555.324 & -548.047 & -539.777 \\ r2 & 0.470 & 0.490 & 0.511 \\ N & 381.000 & 381.000 & 381.000 \\ . . . ***************************************************************************************** . ******************* Keefer DPI institutionalization comparison ************************** . ***************************************************************************************** . * Keefer data downloaded on 9.19.14 from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/I > NTRES/Resources/469232-1107449512766/DPI2012.dta . *cd "C:\Users\jwright\Documents\My Dropbox\Research\Authoritarian legislature\WilsonWr > ight\Data files" . set scheme lean1 . set more off . use dpi_original, clear (Database of Political Institutions 2012. Philip Keefer, World Bank) . recode execage yrsoff (-999=.) (execage: 1658 changes made) (yrsoffc: 483 changes made) . gen inst = execage-yrsoffc (1997 missing values generated) . replace inst =0 if inst<0 & inst~=. (611 real changes made) . rename country country . gen cowcode = . (6764 missing values generated) . qui do cowcodes . replace cow =345 if country=="Bosnia-Herz" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =482 if country=="Cent. Af. Rep." (38 real changes made) . replace cow =710 if country=="PRC" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =42 if country=="Dom. Rep." (38 real changes made) . replace cow =411 if country=="Eq. Guinea" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =732 if country=="ROK" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =731 if country=="PRK" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =560 if country=="S. Africa" (38 real changes made) . replace cow =490 if country=="Congo (DRC)" (38 real changes made) . drop if cow==. (190 observations deleted) . sort cow year . merge cow year using ATH (note: you are using old merge syntax; see [D] merge for new syntax) variables cowcode year do not uniquely identify observations in the master data year was int now double . tab _merge if year<1975 /* all GWF obs not in DPI are pre-1975 */ _merge | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 2 | 2,154 100.00 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 2,154 100.00 . . gen regtype = 1 if geddes_regime=="sparty" | geddes_regime=="tthreat" | geddes_regime > =="spmilitary" (7047 missing values generated) . replace regtype = 2 if geddes_mil==1 (579 real changes made) . replace regtype = 3 if geddes_pers==1 (1148 real changes made) . replace regtype = 4 if geddes_mon==1 (595 real changes made) . label define reg1 1 "party" 2 "military" 3 "personalist" 4 "monarchy" . label values regtype reg1 . gen fail = archigos_failtype ==1 if archigos_failtype~=0 (4581 missing values generated) . . tab regtype fail if archigos_failure==1, row +----------------+ | Key | |----------------| | frequency | | row percentage | +----------------+ | fail regtype | 0 1 | Total ------------+----------------------+---------- party | 40 95 | 135 | 29.63 70.37 | 100.00 ------------+----------------------+---------- military | 60 51 | 111 | 54.05 45.95 | 100.00 ------------+----------------------+---------- personalist | 63 23 | 86 | 73.26 26.74 | 100.00 ------------+----------------------+---------- monarchy | 17 12 | 29 | 58.62 41.38 | 100.00 ------------+----------------------+---------- Total | 180 181 | 361 | 49.86 50.14 | 100.00 . tab regtype inst, row +----------------+ | Key | |----------------| | frequency | | row percentage | +----------------+ | inst regtype | 0 1 2 3 4 5 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 90 5 13 67 57 10 | 1,024 | 8.79 0.49 1.27 6.54 5.57 0.98 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 50 2 0 1 0 2 | 104 | 48.08 1.92 0.00 0.96 0.00 1.92 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 307 24 1 13 16 26 | 530 | 57.92 4.53 0.19 2.45 3.02 4.91 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 4 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 451 31 14 81 73 38 | 1,662 | 27.14 1.87 0.84 4.87 4.39 2.29 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 6 7 8 9 10 11 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 26 4 12 2 22 40 | 1,024 | 2.54 0.39 1.17 0.20 2.15 3.91 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 1 3 10 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.96 2.88 9.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 15 2 11 0 0 7 | 530 | 2.83 0.38 2.08 0.00 0.00 1.32 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 42 9 33 2 22 47 | 1,662 | 2.53 0.54 1.99 0.12 1.32 2.83 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 12 13 14 15 16 17 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 26 11 37 6 2 15 | 1,024 | 2.54 1.07 3.61 0.59 0.20 1.46 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 4 4 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 3.85 3.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 0 0 0 37 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.98 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 26 15 41 6 39 15 | 1,662 | 1.56 0.90 2.47 0.36 2.35 0.90 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 18 19 20 21 22 23 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 105 4 15 11 7 44 | 1,024 | 10.25 0.39 1.46 1.07 0.68 4.30 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 7 0 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 6.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 2 0 5 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.38 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 107 11 20 11 7 44 | 1,662 | 6.44 0.66 1.20 0.66 0.42 2.65 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 24 25 26 27 28 29 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 57 7 6 14 14 0 | 1,024 | 5.57 0.68 0.59 1.37 1.37 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 0 0 6 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.77 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 17 0 0 0 13 0 | 530 | 3.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.45 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 74 7 6 14 27 6 | 1,662 | 4.45 0.42 0.36 0.84 1.62 0.36 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 30 31 32 33 34 35 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 35 9 15 14 2 15 | 1,024 | 3.42 0.88 1.46 1.37 0.20 1.46 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 0 24 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.00 4.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 35 9 39 14 2 15 | 1,662 | 2.11 0.54 2.35 0.84 0.12 0.90 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 36 39 40 41 42 43 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 41 8 2 11 15 1 | 1,024 | 4.00 0.78 0.20 1.07 1.46 0.10 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 5 0 0 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 46 8 2 11 15 1 | 1,662 | 2.77 0.48 0.12 0.66 0.90 0.06 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 44 45 46 47 48 49 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 6 0 18 17 6 4 | 1,024 | 0.59 0.00 1.76 1.66 0.59 0.39 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 11 0 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 10.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 6 11 18 17 6 4 | 1,662 | 0.36 0.66 1.08 1.02 0.36 0.24 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 50 53 55 57 59 60 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 6 11 8 2 4 6 | 1,024 | 0.59 1.07 0.78 0.20 0.39 0.59 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 6 11 8 2 4 6 | 1,662 | 0.36 0.66 0.48 0.12 0.24 0.36 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 61 66 70 81 84 88 | Total ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- party | 5 8 1 3 10 0 | 1,024 | 0.49 0.78 0.10 0.29 0.98 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 5 8 1 3 10 1 | 1,662 | 0.30 0.48 0.06 0.18 0.60 0.06 | 100.00 | inst regtype | 94 98 101 135 | Total ------------+--------------------------------------------+---------- party | 7 0 5 0 | 1,024 | 0.68 0.00 0.49 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+--------------------------------------------+---------- military | 0 0 0 2 | 104 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.92 | 100.00 ------------+--------------------------------------------+---------- personalist | 0 5 0 0 | 530 | 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+--------------------------------------------+---------- monarchy | 0 0 0 0 | 4 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 100.00 ------------+--------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 7 5 5 2 | 1,662 | 0.42 0.30 0.30 0.12 | 100.00 . . graph bar (mean) inst, over(regtype) title("Party institutionalization") ytitle("Part > y age - Leader yrs in office") ylabel(0(5)20) saving(leg1) (file leg1.gph saved) . graph bar (mean) fail if archigos_failure==1, over(regtype) title("Regular transition > s") ytitle("Regular leader turnover") ylabel(0(.2).8) saving(leg0) (file leg0.gph saved) . gr combine leg1.gph leg0.gph, col(2) ysize(3) . erase leg1.gph . erase leg0.gph . . . ***************************************************************************************** . ****************************** Expropriations Analysis ******************************* . ***************************************************************************************** . . * Merge data * . use ATH, clear . merge cow year using oilexpr (note: you are using old merge syntax; see [D] merge for new syntax) . tab _merge _merge | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 5,590 98.28 98.28 2 | 13 0.23 98.51 3 | 85 1.49 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 5,688 100.00 . drop if _merge==2 (13 observations deleted) . . * Clean data * . gen oilexp= _merge==3 if year>=1960 & year<=2006 (1008 missing values generated) . drop _merge . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1946 to 2010, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen p = geddes_regime == "personal" | geddes_regime == "personalist" | geddes_regime = > = "monarchy" . gen pop = ln(l.pwt_pop*1000) (1132 missing values generated) . gen gdp = l.pwt_lgdp (1708 missing values generated) . gen oil = l.ross_loil (1366 missing values generated) . gen war = prio_lconflict_int (103 missing values generated) . gen legis = cg_gleg>1 if cg_gleg~=. /* binary indicator of ELECTED legisl > ature, from CGV (2010) lagged one year */ (298 missing values generated) . gen gtime = ln(1+geddes_duration) (1088 missing values generated) . gen time = year-1959 . gen time2 = time^2 . gen shock = year==1974 | year==1981 | year==1999 . gen shock1 = f1.shock (173 missing values generated) . gen oilp = ross_oilprice (361 missing values generated) . gen oilp2 =ross_oilprice^2 (361 missing values generated) . * Create Inherit variable * . bysort cg_ehead cg_country: egen min = min(year) . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1946 to 2010, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen x = l.cg_ginst if min==year (5244 missing values generated) . replace x = cg_gleg if min==year & x==. & year<1960 (59 real changes made) . replace x=l.cg_gleg if year==min + 1 & geddes_duration==1 & x==. /* prior year > institutions if first year of regime and first year of leader */ (101 real changes made) . replace x=2 if geddes_duration==1 & x==. & geddes_prior=="democracy" /* prior > democracy if first year of regime */ (29 real changes made) . bysort cg_eleadercode: egen inherit = max(x) (350 missing values generated) . replace inherit =0 if geddes_country=="Oman" & min==1970 /* fir > st leader of Oman */ (39 real changes made) . recode inherit (0=0) (1=0) (2=1) > /* recode so inherit is ELECTED legislature */ (inherit: 3664 changes made) . sum inherit cg_ginst if geddes_duration~=. Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- inherit | 4554 .5204216 .4996376 0 1 cg_ginstit~s | 4382 1.124829 .8122997 0 2 . keep if year>=1960 & year<=2006 (1008 observations deleted) . global c = "gdp pop gtime oil" . . * Summary * Reported in Appendix Table A-1 . ttest pol4_xconst if (p!=.) & pol4_xconst>=-10 & year>=1960 & year<=2006, by(legis) Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 1135 1.729515 .0340695 1.147792 1.662669 1.796362 1 | 2772 2.761544 .0308732 1.625467 2.701007 2.822081 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 3907 2.461735 .0251764 1.573675 2.412375 2.511095 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -1.032029 .0529464 -1.135834 -.9282234 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -19.4920 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 3905 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . ttest pol4_xconst if p==1 & pol4_xconst>=-10 & year>=1960 & year<=2006, by(legis) Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 473 1.469345 .0380838 .8282684 1.39451 1.544179 1 | 798 2.215539 .0404168 1.14173 2.136203 2.294875 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 1271 1.937844 .030768 1.096914 1.877482 1.998206 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.7461942 .0601333 -.8641659 -.6282225 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -12.4090 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 1269 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . ttest pol4_xconst if p==0 & pol4_xconst>=-10 & year>=1960 & year<=2006, by(legis) Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 662 1.915408 .0504846 1.298936 1.816278 2.014537 1 | 1974 2.98227 .0390807 1.736344 2.905626 3.058913 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2636 2.71434 .033139 1.701422 2.649359 2.779321 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -1.066862 .073549 -1.211081 -.922642 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -14.5055 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2634 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . . **Appendix Tables: S-4...S7 . preserve . capture drop _merge . sort cowcode year . merge m:m cowcode year using "TEMPJensen.dta" pop was float now double Result # of obs. ----------------------------------------- not matched 1,890 from master 905 (_merge==1) from using 985 (_merge==2) matched 3,762 (_merge==3) ----------------------------------------- . drop _merge . save TEMPJensenmerged.dta, replace (note: file TEMPJensenmerged.dta not found) file TEMPJensenmerged.dta saved . do clean_hajzler . . /* data from Chris Hajzler via email correspondence on May 16, 2014 */ . use hajzler_original, clear . replace year = "" if year==".." (1 real change made) . destring year, replace year has all characters numeric; replaced as int (4 missing values generated) . sort country year . tab sector sector | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- AGR | 75 11.23 11.23 BANK | 45 6.74 17.96 COM | 17 2.54 20.51 CONS | 8 1.20 21.71 CONST | 5 0.75 22.46 INS | 24 3.59 26.05 MEDA | 3 0.45 26.50 MEG | 3 0.45 26.95 MFG | 165 24.70 51.65 MIN | 80 11.98 63.62 PET | 119 17.81 81.44 SVC | 22 3.29 84.73 TOURISM | 2 0.30 85.03 TRAD | 30 4.49 89.52 TRAN | 23 3.44 92.96 TRANS | 3 0.45 93.41 UITL | 1 0.15 93.56 UTIL | 43 6.44 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 668 100.00 . gen cntry=substr(country, 1, 1)+ lower(substr(country, 2, .)) . replace cntry ="UAE" if cntry =="Dubai" | cntry == "Abudhabi" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Sri Lanka" if cntry =="Srilanka" | cntry == "Sri lanka" (12 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Afghanistan" if cntry =="Afganistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Antigua and Barbuda" if cntry =="Antgua and barbuda" | cntry =="Antigua" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Bangladesh" if cntry =="Banglase8h" | cntry == "Banglasesh" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cameroon" if cntry =="Camaroon" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Cambodia" if cntry =="Camboida" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Central African Republic" if cntry =="Car" cntry was str19 now str24 (6 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Congo, Dem. Rep." if cntry =="Congo, dem. rep" (4 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Congo" if cntry =="Congopr" (13 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Costa Rica" if cntry =="Costa rica" (7 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cote d'Ivoire" if cntry =="Cote d'ivoire" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Dominican Republic" if cntry =="Domican republic" | cntry == "Dominican republ > ic" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="El Salvador" if cntry =="El salvador" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Madagascar" if cntry =="Malagasay" (15 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Philippines" if cntry =="Philippine" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cambodia" if cntry =="Camboida" (0 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Romania" if cntry =="Romainia" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Saudi Arabia" if cntry =="Sarabia" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Sierra Leone" if cntry =="Sierral" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Somalia" if cntry =="Somolia" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="South Africa" if cntry =="South africa" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Trinidad and Tobago" if cntry =="Trinidad" | cntry == "Trinidad and tobago" (9 real changes made) . drop country . rename cntry country . gen cowcode =. (671 missing values generated) . do cowcodes . ***some of these are incorrect but some are included only in this top list and not in the bott > om list . *replace cowcode= 700 if country=="Afghanistan" . replace cowcode= 339 if country=="Albania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 615 if country=="Algeria" (36 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 232 if country=="Andorra" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 540 if country=="Angola" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua and Barbuda" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua & Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 160 if country=="Argentina" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 371 if country=="Armenia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 900 if country=="Australia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 305 if country=="Austria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 373 if country=="Azerbaijan" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 692 if country=="Bahrain" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 771 if country=="Bangladesh" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 53 if country=="Barbados" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Belarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Byelarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium-Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 80 if country=="Belize" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 434 if country=="Benin" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 760 if country=="Bhutan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 145 if country=="Bolivia" (8 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia and Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia & Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia-Hercegovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 571 if country=="Botswana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 140 if country=="Brazil" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei Darussalam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 355 if country=="Bulgaria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 439 if country=="Burkina Faso" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 516 if country=="Burundi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 811 if country=="Cambodia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 471 if country=="Cameroon" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 20 if country=="Canada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cen African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Republic" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="C.African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 483 if country=="Chad" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 155 if country=="Chile" (31 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China P Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China, P. R." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 100 if country=="Colombia" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoros" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brz" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo 'Brazzaville'" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "DR Congo (Zaire)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Dem. Rep." (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Zaire (Congo Kinshasa)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Democratic Republic of the Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Congo/Zaire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire/Congo Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costa Rica" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costarica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d'Ivoire" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d`Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Côte d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="C™te dÕIvoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 344 if country=="Croatia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 40 if country=="Cuba" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Turk Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czechrep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czechoslovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czech Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 390 if country=="Denmark" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 522 if country=="Djibouti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 54 if country=="Dominica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Republic" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 130 if country=="Ecuador" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt, Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 92 if country=="El Salvador" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 411 if country=="Equatorial Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 531 if country=="Eritrea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 366 if country=="Estonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia" (26 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 950 if country=="Fiji" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 375 if country=="Finland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 220 if country=="France" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 481 if country=="Gabon" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 372 if country=="Georgia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 255 if country=="Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="GDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany (GDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="West Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germanyfed. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany (FRG)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany Fed Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 452 if country=="Ghana" (16 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 350 if country=="Greece" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Grenada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Greneda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 90 if country=="Guatemala" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea " (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bisau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 110 if country=="Guyana" (8 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 41 if country=="Haiti" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 91 if country=="Honduras" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 310 if country=="Hungary" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 395 if country=="Iceland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 750 if country=="India" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia" (19 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia (including Timor until 1999)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran (Islamic Republic of)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran Islam Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 645 if country=="Iraq" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 205 if country=="Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 666 if country=="Israel" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 325 if country=="Italy" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Ivory Coast" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 51 if country=="Jamaica" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 740 if country=="Japan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 663 if country=="Jordan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakhstan" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya (1)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 946 if country=="Kiribati" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="N. Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="North Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea DPR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Repu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea Dem P Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, S." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="South Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Republic of Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 690 if country=="Kuwait" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyz Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyzstan" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgystan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Laos" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao People's Democratic Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao P Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 367 if country=="Latvia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 660 if country=="Lebanon" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 570 if country=="Lesotho" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 450 if country=="Liberia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libya" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamah" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 223 if country=="Liechtenstein" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 368 if country=="Lithuania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxemburg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, FYR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia FRY" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 580 if country=="Madagascar" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 553 if country=="Malawi" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 820 if country=="Malaysia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldives" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 432 if country=="Mali" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 338 if country=="Malta" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 435 if country=="Mauritania" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 590 if country=="Mauritius" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 70 if country=="Mexico" (14 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia Fed States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Fed. States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Federated States of Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Fed. Sts." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Republic of Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 221 if country=="Monaco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 712 if country=="Mongolia" (1 real change made) . *replace cowcode= 341 if country=="Montenegro" . replace cowcode= 600 if country=="Morocco" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 541 if country=="Mozambique" (17 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma" (9 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 565 if country=="Namibia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 970 if country=="Nauru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 790 if country=="Nepal" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Netherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Nertherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zealand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zeland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 93 if country=="Nicaragua" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 436 if country=="Niger" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 475 if country=="Nigeria" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 385 if country=="Norway" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 698 if country=="Oman" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 770 if country=="Pakistan" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 986 if country=="Palau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 95 if country=="Panama" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua New Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua N.G." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 150 if country=="Paraguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 135 if country=="Peru" (31 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 840 if country=="Philippines" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Poland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Polan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 235 if country=="Portugal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 694 if country=="Qatar" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 360 if country=="Romania" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russian Federation" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 517 if country=="Rwanda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Western Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 331 if country=="San Marino" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome and Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome & Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 670 if country=="Saudi Arabia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 433 if country=="Senegal" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Mont." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia and Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . *replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia/Montenegro/Kosovo" /*maddison fixed in cleanMad.do* > / . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelles" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelle" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 451 if country=="Sierra Leone" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 830 if country=="Singapore" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 349 if country=="Slovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somalia" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 560 if country=="South Africa" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="South Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Soviet Union" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 230 if country=="Spain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 780 if country=="Sri Lanka" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts & Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St. Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St. Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="Saint Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and The Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St. Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St. Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 625 if country=="Sudan" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 115 if country=="Suriname" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 572 if country=="Swaziland" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweeden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 225 if country=="Switzerland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syria" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan (China)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan, Province of China" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 702 if country=="Tajikistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania" (28 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania, United Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania Uni Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="United Republic of Tanzania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 800 if country=="Thailand" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 711 if country=="Tibet" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor-Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor (included in Indonesia until 1999)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 461 if country=="Togo" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 955 if country=="Tonga" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad and Tobago" (9 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad & Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Tirinidad and Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 616 if country=="Tunisia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 640 if country=="Turkey" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 701 if country=="Turkmenistan" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 947 if country=="Tuvalu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="UAE" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="U. Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 500 if country=="Uganda" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 369 if country=="Ukraine" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="Uk" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="UK" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="Usa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="USA" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States of America" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 165 if country=="Uruguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="USSR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 704 if country=="Uzbekistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 935 if country=="Vanuatu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela" (19 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, RB" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Viet Nam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen Peop. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen P Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia (former)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia, FR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 551 if country=="Zambia" (21 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 511 if country=="Zanzibar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 552 if country=="Zimbabwe" (10 real changes made) . . . . ***These below are all correct*** . replace cowcode= 700 if country=="Afghanistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 339 if country=="Albania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 615 if country=="Algeria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 232 if country=="Andorra" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 540 if country=="Angola" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua and Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua & Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 160 if country=="Argentina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 371 if country=="Armenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 900 if country=="Australia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 305 if country=="Austria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 373 if country=="Azerbaijan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 692 if country=="Bahrain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 771 if country=="Bangladesh" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 53 if country=="Barbados" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Belarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium-Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 80 if country=="Belize" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 434 if country=="Benin" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 760 if country=="Bhutan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 145 if country=="Bolivia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia and Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia & Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia-Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 571 if country=="Botswana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 140 if country=="Brazil" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei Darussalam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 355 if country=="Bulgaria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 439 if country=="Burkina Faso" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 516 if country=="Burundi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 811 if country=="Cambodia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 471 if country=="Cameroon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 20 if country=="Canada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Island" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cen African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 483 if country=="Chad" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 155 if country=="Chile" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 100 if country=="Colombia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoros" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Island" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brz" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo 'Brazzaville'" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo Brazzaville" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, the Democratic Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo Kinshasa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Congo/Zaire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire (Congo Kinshasa)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costa Rica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costarica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d`Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Côte d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode=437 if country=="C™te d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 344 if country=="Croatia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 40 if country=="Cuba" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Turk Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czechrep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czechoslovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 390 if country=="Denmark" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 522 if country=="Djibouti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 54 if country=="Dominica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 130 if country=="Ecuador" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt, Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 92 if country=="El Salvador" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 411 if country=="Equatorial Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 531 if country=="Eritrea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 366 if country=="Estonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 950 if country=="Fiji" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 375 if country=="Finland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 220 if country=="France" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 481 if country=="Gabon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 372 if country=="Georgia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 255 if country=="Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="GDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germanyfed. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 452 if country=="Ghana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 350 if country=="Greece" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Grenada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 90 if country=="Guatemala" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 110 if country=="Guyana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 41 if country=="Haiti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 91 if country=="Honduras" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 310 if country=="Hungary" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 395 if country=="Iceland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 750 if country=="India" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 645 if country=="Iraq" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 205 if country=="Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 666 if country=="Israel" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 325 if country=="Italy" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Ivory Coast" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 51 if country=="Jamaica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 740 if country=="Japan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 663 if country=="Jordan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakhstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 946 if country=="Kiribati" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="N. Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="North Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea DPR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, S." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="South Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 690 if country=="Kuwait" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyz Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyzstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgystan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Laos" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao People's Democratic Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 367 if country=="Latvia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 660 if country=="Lebanon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 570 if country=="Lesotho" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 450 if country=="Liberia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 223 if country=="Liechtenstein" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 368 if country=="Lithuania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, FYR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 580 if country=="Madagascar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 553 if country=="Malawi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 820 if country=="Malaysia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldives" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldive Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 432 if country=="Mali" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 338 if country=="Malta" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 435 if country=="Mauritania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 590 if country=="Mauritius" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 70 if country=="Mexico" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Federated States of Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Federated States of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 221 if country=="Monaco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 712 if country=="Mongolia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 600 if country=="Morocco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 541 if country=="Mozambique" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 565 if country=="Namibia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 970 if country=="Nauru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 790 if country=="Nepal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Netherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zealand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 93 if country=="Nicaragua" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 436 if country=="Niger" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 475 if country=="Nigeria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 385 if country=="Norway" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 698 if country=="Oman" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 770 if country=="Pakistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 986 if country=="Palau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 95 if country=="Panama" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua New Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua N.G." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 150 if country=="Paraguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 135 if country=="Peru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 840 if country=="Philippines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Poland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 235 if country=="Portugal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 694 if country=="Qatar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 360 if country=="Romania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russian Federation" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 517 if country=="Rwanda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 331 if country=="San Marino" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome and Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome & Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 670 if country=="Saudi Arabia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 433 if country=="Senegal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia and Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelles" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 451 if country=="Sierra Leone" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 830 if country=="Singapore" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 349 if country=="Slovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somalia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somaliland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 560 if country=="South Africa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="South Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="Vietnam South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Soviet Union" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 230 if country=="Spain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 780 if country=="Sri Lanka" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts & Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St. Kitts-Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="Saint Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St.Vincent & Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 625 if country=="Sudan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 115 if country=="Suriname" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 572 if country=="Swaziland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 225 if country=="Switzerland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 702 if country=="Tajikistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania, United Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 800 if country=="Thailand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 711 if country=="Tibet" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor-Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 461 if country=="Togo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 955 if country=="Tonga" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad and Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad & Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 616 if country=="Tunisia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 640 if country=="Turkey" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 701 if country=="Turkmenistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 947 if country=="Tuvalu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="UAE" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="U. Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 500 if country=="Uganda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 369 if country=="Ukraine" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="Uk" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="Usa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="USA" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States of America" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 165 if country=="Uruguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="USSR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 704 if country=="Uzbekistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 935 if country=="Vanuatu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, RB" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Viet Nam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen Peop. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia, FR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 551 if country=="Zambia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 511 if country=="Zanzibar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 552 if country=="Zimbabwe" (0 real changes made) . . *for CSP coups . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma (Myanmar)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="DRCongo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="D. R. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="North Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brazzaville" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cent. African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Em." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor" (0 real changes made) . . *for NELDA . . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="German Federal Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia (FYROM)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia (Yugoslavia)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d’Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Democratic Republic of Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar (Burma)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="Republic of Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor" (0 real changes made) . . . . *Banks 2011* . replace cowcode =816 if country=="Vietnam, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =530 if country=="Ethiopia(1993-)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =265 if country=="Germany, East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =260 if country=="Germany, West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =347 if country=="Kosovo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =341 if country=="Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =770 if country=="Pakistan(1972-)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =770 if country=="Pakistan(1947-1971)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =817 if country=="Vietnam, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =626 if country=="South Sudan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =52 if country=="Trinidad" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =365 if country=="USSR(Soviet Union)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =345 if country=="Yugoslavia, Former" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =490 if country=="Congo-Kinshasa" (0 real changes made) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of do-file . gen x = 1 if sector =="PET" (552 missing values generated) . gen a = 1 . egen allexp= sum(a), by(cow year) . egen oilexp = sum(x), by(cow year) . egen tag = tag(cow year) . keep if tag==1 (317 observations deleted) . drop tag x a . sum Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- year | 354 1977.116 13.72063 1900 2006 source | 0 sector | 0 legal | 28 .4642857 .5078745 0 1 country | 0 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- cowcode | 354 446.5254 253.3816 41 850 allexp | 354 1.884181 2.234326 1 25 oilexp | 354 .3361582 .5295708 0 3 . sort cow year . save expropriations, replace file expropriations.dta saved . end of do-file . use TEMPJensenmerged.dta, clear . merge m:m cowcode year using "expropriations.dta" country was str17 now str24 Result # of obs. ----------------------------------------- not matched 5,436 from master 5,367 (_merge==1) from using 69 (_merge==2) matched 285 (_merge==3) ----------------------------------------- . drop _merge . xi: qui reg govrisk leg ln_gdppc_9502 i.ht_region, vce(ro) i.ht_region _Iht_region_1-7 (naturally coded; _Iht_region_1 omitted) . tab legis oilexp if e(sample), missing | oilexp legis | 0 . | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 15 0 | 15 1 | 44 0 | 44 . | 0 16 | 16 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 59 16 | 75 . tab legis allexp if e(sample), missing | allexp legis | 1 2 . | Total -----------+---------------------------------+---------- 0 | 0 0 15 | 15 1 | 1 0 43 | 44 . | 0 1 15 | 16 -----------+---------------------------------+---------- Total | 1 1 73 | 75 . codebook cowcode year if e(sample) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cowcode (unlabeled) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ type: numeric (float) range: [41,850] units: 1 unique values: 75 missing .: 0/75 mean: 542.693 std. dev: 187.603 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 359 438 551 690 780 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ year (unlabeled) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ type: numeric (double) range: [2002,2002] units: 1 unique values: 1 missing .: 0/75 tabulation: Freq. Value 75 2002 . gen gwf_nonaut=1 if gwf_personal==. & gwf_military==. & gwf_party==. & > gwf_monarch==. (4710 missing values generated) . list cowcode cg_country geddes_country gwf_personal gwf_military gwf_party gwf > _monarch gwf_nonaut if e(sample) +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 112. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 41 | Haiti | Haiti | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 253. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 90 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 416. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 100 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 427. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 101 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 508. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 130 | Ecuador | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 659. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 150 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1073. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 346 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1163. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 359 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1266. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 365 | Russian Federation | Russia | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1277. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 369 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1289. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 370 | Belarus | Belarus | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1307. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 371 | | Armenia | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1343. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 373 | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1415. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 404 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1494. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 420 | Gambia | Gambia | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1653. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 435 | Mauritania | Mauritania | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1702. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 436 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1747. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 437 | Cote d'Ivoire | Ivory Coast | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1800. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 438 | Guinea | Guinea | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1851. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 439 | Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1918. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 450 | Liberia | Liberia | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1955. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 451 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2036. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 461 | Togo | Togo | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2089. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 471 | Cameroon | Cameroon | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2131. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 475 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2174. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 481 | Gabon | Gabon | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2219. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 482 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2321. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 484 | Congo Brazzaville | Congo-Brz | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2374. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 490 | Congo Kinshasa | Congo/Zaire | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2425. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 500 | Uganda | Uganda | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2475. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 501 | | Kenya | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2517. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 510 | Tanzania | Tanzania | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2566. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 516 | Burundi | Burundi | 0 | 1 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2613. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 517 | Rwanda | Rwanda | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2748. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 530 | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2806. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 540 | Angola | Angola | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2844. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 541 | Mozambique | Mozambique | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2893. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 551 | Zambia | Zambia | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2940. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 552 | Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2982. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 553 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3189. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 572 | Swaziland | Swaziland | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3234. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 580 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3344. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 600 | Morocco | Morocco | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3395. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 615 | Algeria | Algeria | 0 | 1 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3451. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 616 | Tunisia | Tunisia | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3511. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 620 | Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | Libya | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3559. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 625 | Sudan | Sudan | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3627. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 630 | Iran | Iran | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3651. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 640 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3708. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 645 | Iraq | Iraq | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3771. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 651 | Egypt | Egypt | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3831. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 652 | Syria | Syria | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3869. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 660 | Lebanon | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3929. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 663 | Jordan | Jordan | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3996. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 670 | Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4063. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 678 | Yemen | Yemen | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4140. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 690 | Kuwait | Kuwait | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4182. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 692 | Bahrain | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4218. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 694 | Qatar | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4254. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 696 | United Arab Emirates | UAE | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4321. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 698 | Oman | Oman | 0 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 1 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4408. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 701 | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4474. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 704 | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4497. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 705 | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | 1 | 0 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4560. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 710 | China | China | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4862. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 770 | Pakistan | Pakistan | 0 | 1 | 0 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4890. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 771 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4963. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 780 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5008. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 781 | Maldives | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5212. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 812 | Laos | Laos | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5270. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 816 | Viet Nam | Vietnam | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5346. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 820 | Malaysia | Malaysia | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5399. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 830 | Singapore | Singapore | 0 | 0 | 1 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | 0 | . | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5445. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 835 | Brunei Darussalam | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5522. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_cou~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | | 850 | | | . | . | . | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_mo~h | gwf_no~t | | . | 1 | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ . list cowcode cg_country geddes_country gwf_personal gwf_military gwf_party gwf > _monarch gwf_nonaut if year==2002 & ~e(sample) +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 50. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 40 | Cuba | Cuba | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 156. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 58 | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 471. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 110 | Guyana | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1060. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 345 | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1329. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 372 | Georgia | Georgia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1452. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 411 | Equatorial Guinea | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2272. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 483 | Chad | Chad | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2657. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 520 | Somalia | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2687. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 522 | Djibouti | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2768. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 531 | Eritrea | Eritrea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3039. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 560 | South Africa | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3056. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 565 | Namibia | Namibia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3103. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 570 | Lesotho | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3144. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 571 | Botswana | Botswana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3265. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 581 | Comoros | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3294. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 591 | Seychelles | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4388. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 700 | Afghanistan | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4430. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 702 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4453. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 703 | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4723. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 731 | North Korea | Korea North | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4816. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 760 | Bhutan | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4934. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 775 | Myanmar | Myanmar | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5059. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 790 | Nepal | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5159. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 811 | Cambodia | Cambodia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | . | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5523. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 940 | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5556. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 950 | Fiji | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5598. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 955 | Tonga | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5645. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 990 | Samoa | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5650. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | . | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5651. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | . | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5652. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | . | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5702. | cowcode | cg_country | geddes_co~y | gwf_pe~l | gwf_mi~y | gwf_pa~y | gwf_mo~h | | 360 | | | . | . | . | . | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | gwf_no~t | | 1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1900-2012 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1900 omitted) . tab legis oilexp if e(sample), missing | oilexp legis | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 857 43 | 900 1 | 1,968 18 | 1,986 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 2,825 61 | 2,886 . tab legis allexp if e(sample), missing | allexp legis | 1 2 3 4 5 6 | Total -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- 0 | 59 19 10 6 2 2 | 900 1 | 75 14 7 4 1 1 | 1,986 -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 134 33 17 10 3 3 | 2,886 | allexp legis | 7 9 10 11 16 25 | Total -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- 0 | 0 2 1 1 0 1 | 900 1 | 1 0 0 0 1 0 | 1,986 -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- Total | 1 2 1 1 1 1 | 2,886 | allexp legis | . | Total -----------+-----------+---------- 0 | 797 | 900 1 | 1,882 | 1,986 -----------+-----------+---------- Total | 2,679 | 2,886 . codebook cowcode year if e(sample) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cowcode (unlabeled) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ type: numeric (float) range: [40,850] units: 1 unique values: 98 missing .: 0/2886 mean: 506.15 std. dev: 207.024 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 140 433 517 652 771 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ year (unlabeled) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ type: numeric (double) range: [1961,2006] units: 1 unique values: 46 missing .: 0/2886 mean: 1983.62 std. dev: 12.1841 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 1967 1974 1983 1994 2001 . list cowcode geddes_country cg_country year if oilexp==1 & e(sample) +--------------------------------------------------------+ | cowcode geddes_cou~y cg_country year | |--------------------------------------------------------| 498. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1972 | 499. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1973 | 500. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1974 | 502. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1976 | 503. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1977 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 505. | 130 Ecuador Ecuador 1979 | 589. | 145 Bolivia Bolivia 1969 | 1270. | 365 Russia Russian Federation 2006 | 2105. | 475 Nigeria Nigeria 1971 | 2107. | 475 Nigeria Nigeria 1973 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 2108. | 475 Nigeria Nigeria 1974 | 2110. | 475 Nigeria Nigeria 1976 | 2113. | 475 Nigeria Nigeria 1979 | 2145. | 481 Gabon Gabon 1973 | 2148. | 481 Gabon Gabon 1976 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 2276. | 483 Chad Chad 2006 | 2393. | 500 Uganda Uganda 1970 | 2721. | 530 Ethiopia Ethiopia 1975 | 2780. | 540 Angola Angola 1976 | 2781. | 540 Angola Angola 1977 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 2782. | 540 Angola Angola 1978 | 2818. | 541 Mozambique Mozambique 1976 | 2871. | 551 Zambia Zambia 1980 | 3317. | 600 Morocco Morocco 1975 | 3360. | 615 Algeria Algeria 1967 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 3363. | 615 Algeria Algeria 1970 | 3364. | 615 Algeria Algeria 1971 | 3367. | 615 Algeria Algeria 1974 | 3369. | 615 Algeria Algeria 1976 | 3480. | 620 Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1971 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 3481. | 620 Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1972 | 3482. | 620 Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1973 | 3483. | 620 Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1974 | 3598. | 630 Iran Iran 1973 | 3604. | 630 Iran Iran 1979 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 3678. | 645 Iraq Iraq 1972 | 3679. | 645 Iraq Iraq 1973 | 3681. | 645 Iraq Iraq 1975 | 3683. | 645 Iraq Iraq 1977 | 3730. | 651 Egypt Egypt 1961 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 3731. | 651 Egypt Egypt 1962 | 3733. | 651 Egypt Egypt 1964 | 3966. | 670 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1972 | 3968. | 670 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1974 | 3969. | 670 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1975 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 3970. | 670 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1976 | 4110. | 690 Kuwait Kuwait 1972 | 4111. | 690 Kuwait Kuwait 1973 | 4112. | 690 Kuwait Kuwait 1974 | 4113. | 690 Kuwait Kuwait 1975 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 4115. | 690 Kuwait Kuwait 1977 | 4224. | 696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1972 | 4225. | 696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1973 | 4226. | 696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1974 | 4227. | 696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1975 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 4291. | 698 Oman Oman 1972 | 4873. | 771 Bangladesh Bangladesh 1975 | 5040. | 790 Nepal Nepal 1973 | 5317. | 820 Malaysia Malaysia 1973 | 5458. | 840 Philippines Philippines 1973 | |--------------------------------------------------------| 5487. | 850 Indonesia Indonesia 1965 | +--------------------------------------------------------+ . egen minyear=min(year) if e(sample), by(cowcode) (2835 missing values generated) . egen maxyear=max(year) if e(sample), by(cowcode) (2835 missing values generated) . egen countyear=count(year) if e(sample), by(cowcode) (2835 missing values generated) . collapse minyear maxyear countyear if e(sample), by(cowcode cg > _country) . drop if countyear==. (0 observations deleted) . encode cg_country, gen(cg_country2) . drop if cg_country2==. (14 observations deleted) . drop cg_country2 . sort cowcode . list cowcode cg_country minyear maxyear countyear > +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | cowcode cg_country minyear maxyear county~r | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 1. | 40 Cuba 1971 2006 36 | 2. | 41 Haiti 1961 2004 38 | 3. | 42 Dominican Republic 1961 1978 16 | 4. | 70 Mexico 1961 2000 40 | 5. | 90 Guatemala 1961 1995 35 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 6. | 91 Honduras 1964 1981 17 | 7. | 92 El Salvador 1961 1994 34 | 8. | 93 Nicaragua 1961 1990 30 | 9. | 130 Ecuador 1964 1979 12 | 10. | 135 Peru 1963 2000 21 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 11. | 140 Brazil 1965 1985 21 | 12. | 145 Bolivia 1961 1982 21 | 13. | 150 Paraguay 1961 1993 33 | 14. | 155 Chile 1974 1989 16 | 15. | 165 Uruguay 1974 1984 11 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 16. | 230 Spain 1961 1976 16 | 17. | 235 Portugal 1961 1974 14 | 18. | 290 Poland 1971 1989 19 | 19. | 310 Hungary 1971 1990 20 | 20. | 339 Albania 1971 1991 21 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 21. | 350 Greece 1968 1974 7 | 22. | 355 Bulgaria 1971 1990 20 | 23. | 360 Romania 1961 1989 29 | 24. | 365 Russian Federation 1991 2006 14 | 25. | 370 Belarus 1995 2006 12 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 26. | 372 Georgia 1994 2003 10 | 27. | 373 Azerbaijan 1994 2006 13 | 28. | 404 Guinea-Bissau 1975 1999 25 | 29. | 420 Gambia 1966 2006 41 | 30. | 432 Mali 1961 1991 31 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 31. | 433 Senegal 1961 2000 40 | 32. | 434 Benin 1961 1990 28 | 33. | 435 Mauritania 1961 2006 46 | 34. | 436 Niger 1961 1999 34 | 35. | 437 Cote d'Ivoire 1961 2006 46 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 36. | 438 Guinea 1961 2006 46 | 37. | 450 Liberia 1971 2003 26 | 38. | 451 Sierra Leone 1968 1998 30 | 39. | 461 Togo 1961 2006 42 | 40. | 471 Cameroon 1961 2006 46 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 41. | 475 Nigeria 1967 1999 29 | 42. | 481 Gabon 1961 2006 46 | 43. | 482 Central African Republic 1961 2006 36 | 44. | 483 Chad 1961 2006 43 | 45. | 490 Congo Kinshasa 1961 2006 46 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 46. | 500 Uganda 1967 2006 38 | 47. | 501 Kenya 1964 2002 39 | 48. | 510 Tanzania 1965 2006 42 | 49. | 516 Burundi 1963 2003 38 | 50. | 517 Rwanda 1963 2006 44 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 51. | 520 Somalia 1971 1991 21 | 52. | 530 Ethiopia 1961 2006 46 | 53. | 531 Eritrea 1994 2006 13 | 54. | 540 Angola 1976 2006 31 | 55. | 541 Mozambique 1976 2006 31 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 56. | 551 Zambia 1968 2006 34 | 57. | 552 Zimbabwe 1981 2006 26 | 58. | 553 Malawi 1965 1994 30 | 59. | 560 South Africa 1961 1994 34 | 60. | 570 Lesotho 1971 1993 23 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 61. | 572 Swaziland 1971 2006 36 | 62. | 580 Madagascar 1961 1993 33 | 63. | 600 Morocco 1961 2006 46 | 64. | 615 Algeria 1963 2006 44 | 65. | 616 Tunisia 1962 2006 45 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 66. | 620 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1971 2006 36 | 67. | 625 Sudan 1971 2006 33 | 68. | 630 Iran 1961 2006 46 | 69. | 640 Turkey 1961 1983 4 | 70. | 645 Iraq 1971 2003 33 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 71. | 651 Egypt 1961 2006 46 | 72. | 652 Syria 1963 2006 44 | 73. | 663 Jordan 1961 2006 46 | 74. | 670 Saudi Arabia 1971 2006 36 | 75. | 678 Yemen 1990 2006 17 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 76. | 690 Kuwait 1971 2006 36 | 77. | 696 United Arab Emirates 1972 2006 35 | 78. | 698 Oman 1971 2006 36 | 79. | 700 Afghanistan 1971 2001 27 | 80. | 701 Turkmenistan 1994 2006 13 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 81. | 702 Tajikistan 1994 2006 13 | 82. | 703 Kyrgyzstan 1994 2006 13 | 83. | 704 Uzbekistan 1992 2006 15 | 84. | 705 Kazakhstan 1994 2006 13 | 85. | 712 Mongolia 1971 1993 23 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 86. | 732 South Korea 1962 1987 26 | 87. | 770 Pakistan 1961 2006 30 | 88. | 771 Bangladesh 1972 1990 19 | 89. | 780 Sri Lanka 1979 1994 16 | 90. | 790 Nepal 1961 2006 35 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 91. | 800 Thailand 1961 1992 26 | 92. | 811 Cambodia 1971 2006 36 | 93. | 812 Laos 1976 2006 31 | 94. | 820 Malaysia 1961 2006 46 | 95. | 830 Singapore 1966 2006 41 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| 96. | 840 Philippines 1973 1986 14 | 97. | 850 Indonesia 1961 1999 39 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ . erase TEMPJensen.dta . erase TEMPJensenmerged.dta . erase expropriations.dta . restore . . ** Appendix Figure for oil expropriations over time ** . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . egen oilyr= sum(oilexp) if e(sample), by(year) (104 missing values generated) . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1960 to 2006, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . twoway (bar oilyr year if cow==437, xscale(range(1960 2006)) xlabel(1960 (5) 2005) xti > tle("Year") /* > */ ytitle("Countries with expropriation acts") legend( label(1 "All expropriations") l > abel(2 "Petroleum sector only") /* > */ pos(12) col(2) ring(1))) . . ** Figure 2 ** . *Figure 2 models, left panel: XCONST* . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c pol4_xconst if p~=. & pol4_xconst>0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom pol4_xconst ( 1) pol4_xconst = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0004783 .0029842 -0.16 0.873 -.0063299 .0053732 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column1 . est store lpm1 . sum pol4_xconst if e(sample) Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- pol4_xconst | 2742 2.249088 1.312927 1 7 . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c pol4_xconst if p~=. & pol4_xconst>0 & p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom pol4_xconst ( 1) pol4_xconst = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0087078 .0068468 1.27 0.204 -.0047281 .0221437 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column2 . est store lpm2 . sum pol4_xconst if e(sample) Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- pol4_xconst | 1099 1.907188 1.074007 1 7 . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c pol4_xconst if p~=. & pol4_xconst>0 & p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom pol4_xconst ( 1) pol4_xconst = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0119584 .0045274 -2.64 0.008 -.0208389 -.0030778 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column3 . est store lpm3 . sum pol4_xconst if e(sample) Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- pol4_xconst | 1643 2.477785 1.405561 1 7 . . *Figure 2 models, right panel: LEGIS* . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0178513 .0107187 -1.67 0.096 -.0388688 .0031662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column4 . est store lpm4 . gen s = e(sample) . tab oilexp if s oilexp | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 2,825 97.89 97.89 1 | 61 2.11 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 2,886 100.00 . tab p legis if s, row +----------------+ | Key | |----------------| | frequency | | row percentage | +----------------+ | legis p | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 463 1,275 | 1,738 | 26.64 73.36 | 100.00 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 437 711 | 1,148 | 38.07 61.93 | 100.00 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 900 1,986 | 2,886 | 31.19 68.81 | 100.00 . . ** Raw data by regime type ** Appendix Table A-7 . bysort p: tab legis if p~=. & oilexp~=. /* 72% > of non-pers have leg; 62% of pers have leg */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 902 27.87 27.87 1 | 2,335 72.13 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 3,237 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 510 38.46 38.46 1 | 816 61.54 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 1,326 100.00 . bysort p: tab legis if p~=. & oilexp~=. & year>1989 /* 76% of non- > pers have leg; 70% of pers have leg */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 244 23.78 23.78 1 | 782 76.22 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 1,026 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 159 30.23 30.23 1 | 367 69.77 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 526 100.00 . bysort p: tab oilexp legis if p~=., col /* 7.1 > times expr rate in nonpers; 2.5 time expr rate in pers */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | legis oilexp | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 866 2,322 | 3,188 | 96.01 99.44 | 98.49 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 36 13 | 49 | 3.99 0.56 | 1.51 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 902 2,335 | 3,237 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | legis oilexp | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 488 802 | 1,290 | 95.69 98.28 | 97.29 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 22 14 | 36 | 4.31 1.72 | 2.71 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 510 816 | 1,326 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 . . *Estimating sample . bysort p: tab legis if s==1 > /* 74% of non-pers have leg; 62% of pers have leg */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 463 26.64 26.64 1 | 1,275 73.36 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 1,738 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 437 38.07 38.07 1 | 711 61.93 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 1,148 100.00 . bysort p: tab legis if s==1 & year>1989 /* 81% > of non-pers have leg; 70% of pers have leg */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 96 19.35 19.35 1 | 400 80.65 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 496 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 legis | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 146 30.61 30.61 1 | 331 69.39 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 477 100.00 . bysort p: tab oilexp legis if s==1, col /* 7.1 > times expr rate in nonpers; 2.5 time expr rate in pers */ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 0 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | legis oilexp | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 438 1,268 | 1,706 | 94.60 99.45 | 98.16 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 25 7 | 32 | 5.40 0.55 | 1.84 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 463 1,275 | 1,738 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -> p = 1 +-------------------+ | Key | |-------------------| | frequency | | column percentage | +-------------------+ | legis oilexp | 0 1 | Total -----------+----------------------+---------- 0 | 419 700 | 1,119 | 95.88 98.45 | 97.47 -----------+----------------------+---------- 1 | 18 11 | 29 | 4.12 1.55 | 2.53 -----------+----------------------+---------- Total | 437 711 | 1,148 | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 . . * Share of countries in sample with change in legislature over time, by person > alist (Footnote 12) . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1960 to 2006, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen dleg =d.leg (264 missing values generated) . recode dleg (-1 =1) (dleg: 101 changes made) . tab dleg dleg | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 4,190 95.16 95.16 1 | 213 4.84 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 4,403 100.00 . egen maxp = max(dleg) if s==1 & p==1, by(cow) (3519 missing values generated) . egen maxnp = max(dleg) if s==1 & p==0, by(cow) (2929 missing values generated) . egen ctagp = tag(cow) if s==1 & p==1 . egen ctagnp = tag(cow) if s==1 & p==0 . tab maxp if ctagp==1 > /* 61% of personalist regimes have variation over time in legislature */ maxp | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 22 38.60 38.60 1 | 35 61.40 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 57 100.00 . tab maxnp if ctagnp==1 > /* 51% of personalist regimes have variation over time in legislature */ maxnp | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 36 49.32 49.32 1 | 37 50.68 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 73 100.00 . drop dleg max* ctag* . . ** Summary statistics ** . sutex oilexp year $c legis p if e(sample), minmax digit(2) %------- Begin LaTeX code -------% \begin{table}[htbp]\centering \caption{Summary statistics \label{sumstat}} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c}\hline\hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Variable}} & \textbf{Mean} & \textbf{Std. Dev.}& \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Max.} & \textbf{N}\\ \hline oilexp & 0.02 & 0.14 & 0 & 1 & 2886\\ year & 1983.62 & 12.18 & 1961 & 2006 & 2886\\ gdp & 7.96 & 1.01 & 5.73 & 11.49 & 2886\\ pop & 15.93 & 1.25 & 12.57 & 19.15 & 2886\\ gtime & 2.64 & 0.97 & 0.69 & 5.58 & 2886\\ oil & 2.05 & 2.86 & 0 & 10.87 & 2886\\ legis & 0.69 & 0.46 & 0 & 1 & 2886\\ p & 0.4 & 0.49 & 0 & 1 & 2886\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} %------- End LaTeX code -------% . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0127663 2.23 0.026 .003416 .0535173 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column5 . est store lpm5 . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0190182 -3.02 0.003 -.0947544 -.0201483 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store Table3column6 . est store lpm6 . save temp, replace file temp.dta saved . . . *Graphs . use temp , clear . tempfile tf1 tf2 tf3 . estimates restore lpm4 (results lpm4 are active now) . lincomest (legis) , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (legis) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0178513 .0107187 -1.67 0.096 -.0388688 .0031662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf1',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000002.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000002.tmp saved . estimates restore lpm5 (results lpm5 are active now) . lincomest (legis) , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (legis) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0127663 2.23 0.026 .003416 .0535173 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf2',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000003.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000003.tmp saved . estimates restore lpm6 (results lpm6 are active now) . lincomest (legis) , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (legis) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0190182 -3.02 0.003 -.0947544 -.0201483 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf3',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000004.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000004.tmp saved . dsconcat `tf1' `tf2' `tf3' . replace parm="All" if _n==1 (1 real change made) . replace parm="Personalist" if _n==2 parm was str3 now str11 (1 real change made) . replace parm="Non-personalist" if _n==3 parm was str11 now str15 (1 real change made) . sencode parm, gen(myparm) . drop if _n>4 (0 observations deleted) . set scheme lean1 . gen est = estimate . gen mx = max . gen mn = min . gen rounde = round(est, .001) . eclplot est mn mx myparm, xscale(range(0.5 3.5)) yscale(range (-0.08 0.06)) /* > */ ylab(-.08 (.02) .06) xlab(1 2 3, labsize(small)) legend(label(1 "Estimate") label( > 2 "95% CI") pos(12) col(2) ring(1)) ytitle("Marginal effect of Legislature") /* > */ xtitle("") plotregion(margin(large)) yline(0, lpattern(dash)) /* > */ estopts( mlabel(rounde) mlabposition(1)) . . use temp , clear . tempfile tf1 tf2 tf3 . estimates restore lpm1 (results lpm1 are active now) . lincomest (pol4_xconst)*2.2 , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (pol4_xconst)*2.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0010523 .0065651 -0.16 0.873 -.0139257 .0118211 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf1',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000005.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000005.tmp saved . estimates restore lpm2 (results lpm2 are active now) . lincomest (pol4_xconst)*2.6 , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (pol4_xconst)*2.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0226403 .0178017 1.27 0.204 -.012293 .0575736 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf2',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000006.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000006.tmp saved . estimates restore lpm3 (results lpm3 are active now) . lincomest (pol4_xconst)*2.8 , level(95) Confidence interval for formula: (pol4_xconst)*2.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0334834 .0126766 -2.64 0.008 -.0583489 -.0086179 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . parmest,label saving(`tf3',replace) (note: file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000007.tmp not found) file C:\Users\jwright\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_5p000007.tmp saved . dsconcat `tf1' `tf2' `tf3' . replace parm="All" if _n==1 (1 real change made) . replace parm="Personalist" if _n==2 parm was str3 now str11 (1 real change made) . replace parm="Non-personalist" if _n==3 parm was str11 now str15 (1 real change made) . sencode parm, gen(myparm) . drop if _n>4 (0 observations deleted) . set scheme lean1 . gen est = estimate . gen mx = max . gen mn = min . gen rounde = round(est, .001) . eclplot est mn mx myparm, xscale(range(0.5 3.5)) yscale(range (-0.06 0.06)) /* > */ ylab(-.06 (.02) .06) xlab(1 2 3, labsize(small)) legend(label(1 "Estimate") label( > 2 "95% CI") pos(12) col(2) ring(1)) ytitle("Marginal effect of XCONST" "(2 StDev {&Delta})") > /* > */ xtitle("") plotregion(margin(large)) yline(0, lpattern(dash)) /* > */ estopts( mlabel(rounde) mlabposition(1)) . . ** Figure 3: Kernal regression ** . use temp, clear . *No unit means* . *Full sample* . xi: krls oilexp p legis $c time*, graph Iteration = 1, Looloss: 410.6032 Iteration = 2, Looloss: 408.3445 Iteration = 3, Looloss: 405.1823 Iteration = 4, Looloss: 400.9447 Iteration = 5, Looloss: 395.5458 Iteration = 6, Looloss: 389.0351 Iteration = 7, Looloss: 381.6159 Iteration = 8, Looloss: 373.6271 Iteration = 9, Looloss: 365.483 Iteration = 10, Looloss: 357.584 Iteration = 11, Looloss: 350.255 Iteration = 12, Looloss: 343.7271 Iteration = 13, Looloss: 338.1384 Iteration = 14, Looloss: 333.5475 Iteration = 15, Looloss: 329.9494 Iteration = 16, Looloss: 327.2755 Iteration = 17, Looloss: 325.3937 Iteration = 18, Looloss: 324.1309 Iteration = 19, Looloss: 323.3133 Pointwise Derivatives Number of obs = 2886 Lambda = 1.108 Tolerance = 2.886 Sigma = 8 Eff. df = 128.7 R2 = .3214 Looloss = 322.5 oilexp | Avg. SE t P>|t| P25 P50 P75 -------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- *p | .012678 .007486 1.693 0.090 -.003435 .006417 .021939 *legis | -.015054 .009287 -1.621 0.105 -.015898 -.002575 .010446 gdp | .001107 .003512 0.315 0.753 -.005192 .001004 .008274 pop | -.001451 .002172 -0.668 0.504 -.004853 .000212 .007457 gtime | -.004729 .00337 -1.403 0.161 -.011857 -.001773 .004128 oil | .003919 .001685 2.326 0.020 -.003622 .000483 .007402 time | -.000869 .000244 -3.559 0.000 -.000702 .000052 .00055 time2 | -.000015 3.8e-06 -4.013 0.000 -.000022 -6.5e-06 2.1e-06 -------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- * average dy/dx is the first difference using the min and max (i.e. usually 0 to 1)(bin=34, star > t=-.32035342, width=.01598534) (bin=34, start=-.32035342, width=.01598534) (bin=34, start=-.19548968, width=.00940806) (bin=34, start=-.16460219, width=.00722395) (bin=34, start=-.13654585, width=.00610757) (bin=34, start=-.06098148, width=.00455007) (bin=34, start=-.0231905, width=.00082445) (bin=34, start=-.0002796, width=.000011) . est store k1 . ttest d_legis, by(p) /* average pointwise marginal effect v > aries by personalism */ Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 1738 -.02378 .0015502 .0646266 -.0268204 -.0207395 1 | 1148 -.0018442 .0012347 .0418338 -.0042667 .0005783 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2886 -.0150543 .0010735 .0576692 -.0171592 -.0129494 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.0219357 .0021553 -.0261618 -.0177096 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -10.1775 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2884 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . gen nooil = exp(oil)-1<100 . ttest d_legis, by(nooil) /* average pointwise marginal effect v > aries by oil rents */ Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 663 -.0344732 .003603 .0927722 -.0415478 -.0273986 1 | 2223 -.0092627 .0008504 .0400974 -.0109305 -.007595 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2886 -.0150543 .0010735 .0576692 -.0171592 -.0129494 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.0252105 .0025088 -.0301297 -.0202913 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -10.0488 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2884 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . drop nooil . qui sum d_legis if p==1 . local p = r(mean) . qui sum d_legis if p==0 . local np = r(mean) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==1, bin(100) title("Personalist") saving(P) xtitle(" > ") xline(`p', lcolor(black)) xscale(range (-.3 .3)) xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(red)) (file P.gph saved) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==0, bin(100) title("Non-personalist") saving(NP) xli > ne(`np', lcolor(black)) xscale(range (-.3 .3)) xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(blue) xtitle("Pointw > ise derivatives of Legislature")) (file NP.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(1) ysize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . lowess d_legis oil if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("Oil rents per ca > pita (log)") yline(0,lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`np' , lcolor(blue) lpattern(das > h)) saving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_legis oil if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle("Pointwise marginal effect") > xtitle("Oil rents per capita (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`p', lc > olor(blue) lpattern(dash)) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(2) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . lowess d_legis gdp if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita ( > log)") yline(0,lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`np' , lcolor(blue) lpattern(dash)) sa > ving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_legis gdp if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle("Pointwise marginal effect") > xtitle("GDP per capita (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`p', lcolor(b > lue) lpattern(dash)) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(2) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . . *Unit Means as FE* . use temp, clear . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0178513 .0107187 -1.67 0.096 -.0388688 .0031662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . local vars = "gdp pop gtime oil legis p time time2" . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen cm_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1, by(cow) 3. } (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) . xi: krls oilexp p legis $c time* cm_*, graph /* report this model spec > ification in Appendix Table A-9 */ Iteration = 1, Looloss: 411.5298 Iteration = 2, Looloss: 409.7428 Iteration = 3, Looloss: 407.2237 Iteration = 4, Looloss: 403.8092 Iteration = 5, Looloss: 399.4023 Iteration = 6, Looloss: 394.0213 Iteration = 7, Looloss: 387.7985 Iteration = 8, Looloss: 380.9413 Iteration = 9, Looloss: 373.7081 Iteration = 10, Looloss: 366.385 Iteration = 11, Looloss: 359.2169 Iteration = 12, Looloss: 352.3465 Iteration = 13, Looloss: 345.8608 Iteration = 14, Looloss: 339.9016 Iteration = 15, Looloss: 334.6943 Iteration = 16, Looloss: 330.448 Iteration = 17, Looloss: 327.2335 Iteration = 18, Looloss: 324.9564 Iteration = 19, Looloss: 323.4232 Iteration = 20, Looloss: 322.4261 Pointwise Derivatives Number of obs = 2886 Lambda = 1.117 Tolerance = 2.886 Sigma = 16 Eff. df = 163.9 R2 = .3481 Looloss = 321.4 oilexp | Avg. SE t P>|t| P25 P50 P75 ----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- *p | .005103 .010812 0.472 0.637 -.00911 .003293 .018561 *legis | -.018208 .010179 -1.789 0.074 -.031961 -.004615 .009362 gdp | .009024 .005807 1.554 0.120 .004128 .008993 .014854 pop | -.000801 .002614 -0.306 0.759 -.003225 .000188 .005074 gtime | -.002192 .003756 -0.584 0.559 -.007223 .00124 .00746 oil | .002309 .00194 1.190 0.234 -.001239 .001406 .004976 time | -.000779 .000229 -3.401 0.001 -.000938 -.000072 .000406 time2 | -.000013 3.5e-06 -3.561 0.000 -.00002 -9.5e-06 1.6e-07 cm_gdp | -.009108 .005935 -1.535 0.125 -.014187 -.007076 -.001731 cm_pop | .004522 .002645 1.710 0.087 -.001302 .002625 .00817 cm_gtime | -.011857 .006117 -1.938 0.053 -.020653 -.008516 -.00014 cm_oil | -.001104 .002071 -0.533 0.594 -.008316 -.002862 .004223 cm_legis | .019508 .013157 1.483 0.138 -.009255 .018637 .056615 cm_p | .003996 .009654 0.414 0.679 -.011456 .000533 .016854 cm_time | .001021 .000737 1.385 0.166 -.000108 .000511 .001714 cm_time2 | 4.5e-06 .000015 0.302 0.763 -.000011 3.1e-06 .000017 ----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- * average dy/dx is the first difference using the min and max (i.e. usually 0 to 1)(bin=34, star > t=-.26892426, width=.0111259) (bin=34, start=-.26892426, width=.0111259) (bin=34, start=-.1227634, width=.00566903) (bin=34, start=-.09125814, width=.00397962) (bin=34, start=-.16855478, width=.00732423) (bin=34, start=-.0421069, width=.00249618) (bin=34, start=-.01465853, width=.00053289) (bin=34, start=-.00016313, width=8.491e-06) (bin=34, start=-.06559541, width=.00258836) (bin=34, start=-.03727188, width=.00274806) (bin=34, start=-.13537877, width=.00733182) (bin=34, start=-.01617001, width=.00152492) (bin=34, start=-.3447463, width=.01601414) (bin=34, start=-.0861355, width=.00573247) (bin=34, start=-.00674142, width=.00061016) (bin=34, start=-.00016238, width=.00001078) . ttest d_legis, by(p) /* average pointwise marginal effect v > aries by personalism */ Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 1738 -.0290986 .0013281 .055369 -.0317035 -.0264937 1 | 1148 -.0017195 .0008277 .0280457 -.0033435 -.0000954 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2886 -.0182077 .0009001 .0483545 -.0199726 -.0164428 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.0273791 .0017673 -.0308444 -.0239139 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -15.4922 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2884 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . gen nooil = exp(oil)-1<100 . ttest d_legis, by(nooil) /* average pointwise marginal effect v > aries by oil rents */ Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 663 -.044686 .0027663 .0712286 -.0501177 -.0392542 1 | 2223 -.0103107 .0007507 .0353933 -.0117828 -.0088386 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2886 -.0182077 .0009001 .0483545 -.0199726 -.0164428 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.0343753 .0020421 -.0383795 -.0303711 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -16.8331 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2884 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . drop nooil . qui sum d_legis if p==1 . local p = r(mean) . qui sum d_legis if p==0 . local np = r(mean) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==1, bin(100) title("Personalist") saving(P) xtitle( > "") xline(`p', lcolor(black)) xscale(range (-.3 .3)) xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(red)) (file P.gph saved) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==0, bin(100) title("Non-personalist") xtitle("Pointw > ise derivatives of Legislature") xline(`np', lcolor(black)) saving(NP) xscale(range (-.3 .3)) > xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(blue)) (file NP.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(1) ysize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . ttest d_legis if oil~=0, by(p) Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 827 -.0585157 .0022259 .0640116 -.0628848 -.0541466 1 | 505 -.0054436 .0017541 .0394176 -.0088898 -.0019975 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 1332 -.0383945 .0016879 .0616011 -.0417057 -.0350834 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.053072 .0031613 -.0592738 -.0468703 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -16.7878 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 1330 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . qui sum d_legis if p==1 & oil~=0 . local p = r(mean) . qui sum d_legis if p==0 & oil~=0 . local np = r(mean) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==1 & oil~=0, bin(100) title("Personalist") saving(P > ) xtitle("") xline(`p', lcolor(black)) xscale(range (-.3 .3)) xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(red)) > (file P.gph saved) . twoway (hist d_legis if p==0 & oil~=0, bin(100) title("Non-personalist") xline > (`np', lcolor(black)) xtitle("Pointwise derivatives of Legislature") saving(NP) xscale(range > (-.3 .3)) xlabel(-.3 (.1) .3) color(blue)) (file NP.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(1) ysize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . qui sum d_legis if p==1 . local p = r(mean) . qui sum d_legis if p==0 . local np = r(mean) . lowess d_legis oil if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("Oil rents per ca > pita (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .1) yline(`np', lcolor(blue) lpattern(da > sh)) saving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_legis oil if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle("Pointwise marginal effect") > xtitle("Oil rents per capita (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .1) yline(`p', l > color(blue) lpattern(dash)) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(2) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . lowess d_legis gdp if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle("GDP per capita ( > log)") yline(0,lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`np' , lcolor(blue) lpattern(dash)) sa > ving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_legis gdp if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle("Pointwise marginal effect") > xtitle("GDP per capita (log)") yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .2) yline(`p', lcolor(b > lue) lpattern(dash)) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(.2) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(2) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . *look at last decade in sample* . twoway (scatter d_legis oil if year>=1997 & oil>0 & p==0, msymbol(circle) mco > lor(gs10) ) (scatter d_legis oil if year>=2002 & oil>0 & p==1, msymbol(triangle)) (lfit d_leg > is oil if year>=1997 & oil>0 & p==0 ) (lfit d_legis oil if year>=2002 & oil>0 & p==1 , xti > tle("Oil rents per capita (log)")) . . **Tables for reporting** . estout Table1column* using AppendixTableA2.tex, cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par fmt(% > 9.2f))) stats(ll r2 N) style(tex) replace label starlevels(+ 0.10 * 0.05 ** 0.01) title(\label > {Atab2}) \label{Atab2} &Table1column1 &Table1column2 &Table1column3 \\ & b/se & b/se & b/se \\ leg & 0.170 & 0.387 & 1.993**\\ & (0.46) & (0.56) & (0.54) \\ ln_gdppc_9502 & 0.609**& 0.562**& 0.533**\\ & (0.14) & (0.14) & (0.15) \\ _Iht_region_2 & -0.214 & -0.744* & -0.677+ \\ & (0.50) & (0.31) & (0.37) \\ _Iht_region_3 & 0.049 & 0.318 & 0.317 \\ & (0.54) & (0.64) & (0.70) \\ _Iht_region_4 & 0.574 & 0.780+ & 0.657 \\ & (0.38) & (0.43) & (0.43) \\ _Iht_region_5 & 0.737 & 0.127 & -0.103 \\ & (0.68) & (0.30) & (0.41) \\ _Iht_region_6 & 0.554 & 1.269**& 1.070+ \\ & (0.50) & (0.44) & (0.56) \\ _Iht_region_7 & . & . & . \\ & . & . & . \\ p & & & 1.606**\\ & & & (0.56) \\ legXp & & & -1.910**\\ & & & (0.65) \\ _cons & -0.944 & -1.034 & -2.227* \\ & (1.18) & (1.21) & (1.07) \\ ll & -115.976 & -78.759 & -77.565 \\ r2 & 0.284 & 0.299 & 0.331 \\ N & 75.000 & 51.000 & 51.000 \\ . estout Table3column* using AppendixTableA8.tex, cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par fmt(% > 9.2f))) stats(ll r2 N) style(tex) replace label starlevels(+ 0.10 * 0.05 ** 0.01) title(\label > {Atab8}) \label{Atab8} &Table3column1 &Table3column2 &Table3column3 &Table3column4 &Table3colum > n5 &Table3column6 \\ & b/se & b/se & b/se & b/se & b/se & > b/se \\ _Icowcode_41 & -0.081* & -0.725**& 0.037 & -0.077* & -0.770**& > 0.060* \\ & (0.04) & (0.21) & (0.03) & (0.04) & (0.21) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_42 & -0.111**& -0.790**& . & -0.103**& -0.808**& > -0.021 \\ & (0.03) & (0.20) & . & (0.03) & (0.20) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_55 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_70 & 0.436**& . & 0.047 & 0.422**& . & > -0.004 \\ & (0.12) & . & (0.06) & (0.12) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_90 & -0.054**& -0.698**& 0.016 & -0.051**& -0.707**& > 0.013 \\ & (0.02) & (0.19) & (0.01) & (0.02) & (0.19) & > (0.01) \\ _Icowcode_91 & -0.211**& . & 0.007 & -0.216**& . & > -0.037 \\ & (0.06) & . & (0.03) & (0.06) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_92 & -0.143**& . & 0.023 & -0.133**& . & > 0.003 \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.03) & (0.04) & . & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_93 & -0.246**& -0.979**& 0.034 & -0.237**& -0.992**& > 0.031 \\ & (0.07) & (0.26) & (0.04) & (0.07) & (0.25) & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_95 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_101 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_110 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_115 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_130 & 0.421**& -0.255 & 0.495**& 0.407**& -0.274 & > 0.442**\\ & (0.14) & (0.36) & (0.15) & (0.14) & (0.36) & > (0.16) \\ _Icowcode_135 & 0.117**& -0.487**& -0.015 & 0.105**& -0.507**& > -0.061+ \\ & (0.04) & (0.13) & (0.03) & (0.04) & (0.13) & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_140 & 0.568**& . & 0.017 & 0.555**& . & > 0.017 \\ & (0.16) & . & (0.09) & (0.15) & . & > (0.09) \\ _Icowcode_145 & -0.085 & -0.599* & -0.008 & -0.091 & -0.610* & > -0.042* \\ & (0.06) & (0.27) & (0.02) & (0.06) & (0.27) & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_150 & -0.202**& . & -0.009 & -0.192**& . & > 0.009 \\ & (0.06) & . & (0.04) & (0.06) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_155 & 0.031 & . & -0.000 & 0.015 & . & > -0.050+ \\ & (0.02) & . & (0.02) & (0.02) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_160 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_165 & -0.232**& . & -0.017 & -0.237**& . & > -0.061* \\ & (0.06) & . & (0.03) & (0.06) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_230 & 0.350**& -0.209**& . & 0.324**& -0.192* & > . \\ & (0.10) & (0.08) & . & (0.10) & (0.08) & > . \\ _Icowcode_235 & 0.080* & -0.548**& . & 0.083**& -0.556**& > . \\ & (0.03) & (0.15) & . & (0.03) & (0.15) & > . \\ _Icowcode_265 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_290 & 0.312**& . & 0.023 & 0.305**& . & > -0.001 \\ & (0.09) & . & (0.05) & (0.08) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_310 & 0.024 & . & 0.008 & 0.022 & . & > -0.024 \\ & (0.02) & . & (0.02) & (0.02) & . & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_315 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_339 & -0.274**& . & 0.003 & -0.269**& . & > 0.003 \\ & (0.08) & . & (0.05) & (0.08) & . & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_341 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_345 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_346 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_350 & 0.010 & . & -0.046 & 0.002 & . & > -0.082* \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.03) & (0.04) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_352 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_355 & 0.012 & . & 0.021 & 0.013 & . & > 0.005 \\ & (0.01) & . & (0.01) & (0.01) & . & > (0.01) \\ _Icowcode_359 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_360 & 0.205**& . & 0.030 & 0.198**& . & > 0.000 \\ & (0.06) & . & (0.03) & (0.06) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_365 & 0.576**& 0.001 & . & 0.559**& -0.008 & > -0.000 \\ & (0.16) & (0.10) & . & (0.15) & (0.09) & > (0.08) \\ _Icowcode_370 & -0.071**& -0.795**& . & -0.066**& -0.806**& > . \\ & (0.02) & (0.20) & . & (0.02) & (0.19) & > . \\ _Icowcode_371 & -0.311**& -1.095**& . & -0.299**& -1.107**& > . \\ & (0.09) & (0.29) & . & (0.09) & (0.28) & > . \\ _Icowcode_372 & -0.191**& -0.942**& . & -0.183**& -0.950**& > . \\ & (0.06) & (0.25) & . & (0.06) & (0.24) & > . \\ _Icowcode_373 & -0.136**& -0.863**& . & -0.134**& -0.890**& > . \\ & (0.05) & (0.22) & . & (0.05) & (0.22) & > . \\ _Icowcode_402 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_403 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_404 & -0.479**& -1.230**& 0.025 & -0.467**& -1.272**& > 0.060 \\ & (0.16) & (0.37) & (0.08) & (0.15) & (0.35) & > (0.08) \\ _Icowcode_411 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_420 & -0.517**& -1.248**& 0.045 & -0.503**& -1.294**& > 0.040 \\ & (0.16) & (0.36) & (0.09) & (0.15) & (0.34) & > (0.09) \\ _Icowcode_432 & -0.016 & -0.624**& 0.050 & -0.019 & -0.678**& > 0.066+ \\ & (0.04) & (0.21) & (0.04) & (0.04) & (0.20) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_433 & -0.055 & . & 0.039 & -0.051 & . & > 0.046+ \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.03) & (0.03) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_434 & -0.184**& -0.845**& 0.021 & -0.185**& -0.891**& > 0.013 \\ & (0.07) & (0.25) & (0.04) & (0.07) & (0.24) & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_435 & -0.345**& -1.090**& 0.060 & -0.339**& -1.107**& > 0.048 \\ & (0.11) & (0.30) & (0.05) & (0.10) & (0.29) & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_436 & -0.046 & -0.637**& 0.034 & -0.049 & -0.717**& > 0.033 \\ & (0.04) & (0.21) & (0.03) & (0.04) & (0.20) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_437 & 0.010 & -0.574**& 0.017 & 0.020 & -0.608**& > 0.037* \\ & (0.02) & (0.17) & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.16) & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_438 & -0.108**& -0.764**& -0.016 & -0.105**& -0.784**& > 0.009 \\ & (0.04) & (0.22) & (0.03) & (0.04) & (0.21) & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_439 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_450 & -0.315**& -1.000**& -0.001 & -0.309**& -1.050**& > 0.001 \\ & (0.11) & (0.30) & (0.06) & (0.10) & (0.29) & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_451 & -0.190**& . & 0.023 & -0.184**& -0.920**& > 0.031 \\ & (0.06) & . & (0.03) & (0.06) & (0.25) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_452 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_461 & -0.226**& -0.914**& . & -0.221**& -0.952**& > . \\ & (0.08) & (0.27) & . & (0.08) & (0.26) & > . \\ _Icowcode_471 & 0.015 & -0.635**& 0.021 & 0.015 & -0.668**& > 0.026 \\ & (0.02) & (0.17) & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.17) & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_475 & 0.611**& . & 0.212+ & 0.606**& . & > 0.198+ \\ & (0.13) & . & (0.11) & (0.13) & . & > (0.11) \\ _Icowcode_481 & -0.550**& . & 0.024 & -0.537**& . & > 0.009 \\ & (0.15) & . & (0.07) & (0.15) & . & > (0.07) \\ _Icowcode_482 & -0.262**& -0.972**& 0.037 & -0.262**& -1.006**& > 0.062 \\ & (0.09) & (0.28) & (0.05) & (0.08) & (0.26) & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_483 & -0.083 & -0.708**& -0.008 & -0.086+ & -0.749**& > 0.016 \\ & (0.05) & (0.23) & (0.03) & (0.05) & (0.22) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_484 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_490 & 0.285**& -0.253**& . & 0.288**& -0.272**& > . \\ & (0.07) & (0.10) & . & (0.07) & (0.09) & > . \\ _Icowcode_500 & 0.163**& -0.421**& . & 0.151**& -0.470**& > . \\ & (0.04) & (0.16) & . & (0.04) & (0.15) & > . \\ _Icowcode_501 & 0.178**& . & 0.058* & 0.176**& . & > 0.063* \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.03) & (0.04) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_510 & 0.229**& . & 0.087* & 0.223**& . & > 0.104**\\ & (0.05) & . & (0.04) & (0.05) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_516 & -0.119+ & -0.768**& 0.037 & -0.124* & -0.801**& > 0.039 \\ & (0.06) & (0.23) & (0.04) & (0.06) & (0.22) & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_517 & -0.084+ & . & 0.039 & -0.087+ & . & > 0.058+ \\ & (0.05) & . & (0.03) & (0.05) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_520 & -0.078 & -0.702**& . & -0.081 & -0.753**& > . \\ & (0.05) & (0.22) & . & (0.05) & (0.21) & > . \\ _Icowcode_522 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_530 & 0.369**& -0.142 & 0.079 & 0.384**& -0.184* & > 0.126* \\ & (0.08) & (0.09) & (0.05) & (0.08) & (0.09) & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_531 & -0.209* & . & 0.082 & -0.221* & . & > 0.069 \\ & (0.09) & . & (0.06) & (0.09) & . & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_540 & 0.054 & . & 0.176* & 0.029 & . & > 0.135* \\ & (0.07) & . & (0.07) & (0.06) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_541 & 0.141**& . & 0.105* & 0.140**& . & > 0.124**\\ & (0.04) & . & (0.04) & (0.04) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_551 & -0.026 & . & 0.071+ & -0.021 & . & > 0.097* \\ & (0.05) & . & (0.04) & (0.05) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_552 & 0.007 & . & 0.049**& -0.007 & . & > 0.002 \\ & (0.02) & . & (0.02) & (0.02) & . & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_553 & -0.031 & -0.646**& . & -0.028 & -0.707**& > . \\ & (0.04) & (0.21) & . & (0.04) & (0.20) & > . \\ _Icowcode_560 & 0.292**& . & 0.066 & 0.288**& . & > -0.004 \\ & (0.08) & . & (0.04) & (0.07) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_565 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_570 & -0.385**& . & 0.017 & -0.388**& . & > 0.003 \\ & (0.12) & . & (0.07) & (0.12) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_571 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_572 & -0.555**& -1.373**& . & -0.545**& -1.373**& > . \\ & (0.15) & (0.36) & . & (0.15) & (0.35) & > . \\ _Icowcode_580 & 0.032 & -0.549**& 0.038 & 0.033 & -0.592**& > 0.039 \\ & (0.03) & (0.18) & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.17) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_581 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_591 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_600 & 0.230**& -0.361**& . & 0.221**& -0.378**& > . \\ & (0.05) & (0.12) & . & (0.05) & (0.12) & > . \\ _Icowcode_615 & 0.253**& . & 0.148* & 0.241**& . & > 0.115+ \\ & (0.07) & . & (0.07) & (0.07) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_616 & -0.077**& . & 0.018 & -0.075**& . & > 0.012 \\ & (0.03) & . & (0.02) & (0.02) & . & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_620 & -0.185* & -0.990**& . & -0.196**& -0.944**& > . \\ & (0.07) & (0.25) & . & (0.07) & (0.25) & > . \\ _Icowcode_625 & 0.218**& -0.347**& . & 0.206**& -0.396**& > 0.073+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.13) & . & (0.05) & (0.12) & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_630 & 0.347**& -0.225* & 0.070 & 0.333**& -0.222* & > 0.037 \\ & (0.09) & (0.11) & (0.06) & (0.09) & (0.11) & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_640 & 0.375**& . & 0.039 & 0.347**& . & > -0.005 \\ & (0.10) & . & (0.06) & (0.09) & . & > (0.07) \\ _Icowcode_645 & 0.177**& -0.575**& 0.421* & 0.169**& -0.596**& > 0.352* \\ & (0.06) & (0.15) & (0.18) & (0.06) & (0.14) & > (0.18) \\ _Icowcode_651 & 0.427**& . & 0.131* & 0.414**& . & > 0.105+ \\ & (0.10) & . & (0.06) & (0.09) & . & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_652 & 0.007 & . & 0.040+ & -0.000 & . & > 0.033 \\ & (0.03) & . & (0.02) & (0.02) & . & > (0.02) \\ _Icowcode_660 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_663 & -0.274**& -1.016**& . & -0.269**& -1.011**& > . \\ & (0.08) & (0.27) & . & (0.08) & (0.26) & > . \\ _Icowcode_670 & 0.110+ & -0.612**& . & 0.089 & -0.557**& > . \\ & (0.06) & (0.15) & . & (0.06) & (0.15) & > . \\ _Icowcode_678 & 0.068+ & -0.568**& . & 0.054 & -0.607**& > . \\ & (0.04) & (0.18) & . & (0.03) & (0.17) & > . \\ _Icowcode_680 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_690 & -0.373**& -1.276**& . & -0.368**& -1.216**& > . \\ & (0.12) & (0.32) & . & (0.11) & (0.31) & > . \\ _Icowcode_692 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_694 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_696 & -0.410**& -1.322**& . & -0.416**& -1.241**& > . \\ & (0.09) & (0.30) & . & (0.08) & (0.29) & > . \\ _Icowcode_698 & -0.434**& -1.288**& . & -0.445**& -1.213**& > . \\ & (0.11) & (0.31) & . & (0.11) & (0.31) & > . \\ _Icowcode_700 & 0.126**& -0.478**& 0.093* & 0.106**& -0.518**& > 0.067* \\ & (0.04) & (0.14) & (0.04) & (0.03) & (0.14) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_701 & -0.287**& . & 0.015 & -0.282**& . & > 0.022 \\ & (0.07) & . & (0.03) & (0.07) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_702 & -0.167**& -0.898**& . & -0.166**& -0.923**& > . \\ & (0.06) & (0.24) & . & (0.06) & (0.23) & > . \\ _Icowcode_703 & -0.201**& -0.944**& . & -0.194**& -0.963**& > . \\ & (0.07) & (0.25) & . & (0.07) & (0.25) & > . \\ _Icowcode_704 & 0.136**& . & 0.071* & 0.129**& . & > 0.097**\\ & (0.04) & . & (0.03) & (0.03) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_705 & 0.005 & -0.700**& . & 0.001 & -0.707**& > . \\ & (0.02) & (0.17) & . & (0.02) & (0.17) & > . \\ _Icowcode_710 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_712 & -0.327**& . & 0.029 & -0.317**& . & > 0.025 \\ & (0.11) & . & (0.07) & (0.10) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Icowcode_713 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_731 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_732 & 0.349**& . & 0.024 & 0.342**& . & > 0.023 \\ & (0.09) & . & (0.05) & (0.09) & . & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_760 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_770 & 0.533**& . & 0.075 & 0.507**& . & > 0.054 \\ & (0.13) & . & (0.08) & (0.13) & . & > (0.07) \\ _Icowcode_771 & 0.588**& 0.098* & 0.404 & 0.560**& 0.042 & > 0.279 \\ & (0.14) & (0.05) & (0.30) & (0.14) & (0.04) & > (0.25) \\ _Icowcode_775 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_780 & 0.154**& . & 0.080**& 0.154**& . & > 0.072**\\ & (0.03) & . & (0.03) & (0.03) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_781 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_790 & 0.188**& -0.389**& . & 0.182**& -0.426**& > . \\ & (0.04) & (0.14) & . & (0.04) & (0.14) & > . \\ _Icowcode_800 & 0.388**& . & 0.042 & 0.373**& . & > 0.024 \\ & (0.10) & . & (0.05) & (0.09) & . & > (0.05) \\ _Icowcode_811 & 0.009 & -0.692**& 0.071**& 0.009 & -0.739**& > 0.088**\\ & (0.03) & (0.18) & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.17) & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_812 & -0.158* & . & 0.060 & -0.160* & . & > 0.056 \\ & (0.07) & . & (0.04) & (0.07) & . & > (0.04) \\ _Icowcode_816 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_817 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_820 & 0.109**& . & 0.079* & 0.104**& . & > 0.025 \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.04) & (0.03) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_830 & -0.270**& . & -0.013 & -0.255**& . & > -0.019 \\ & (0.07) & . & (0.04) & (0.07) & . & > (0.03) \\ _Icowcode_835 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_840 & 0.468**& -0.044 & . & 0.454**& -0.082 & > . \\ & (0.12) & (0.08) & . & (0.12) & (0.08) & > . \\ _Icowcode_850 & 0.657**& 0.399* & 0.071 & 0.621**& 0.392* & > 0.007 \\ & (0.16) & (0.17) & (0.09) & (0.16) & (0.16) & > (0.09) \\ _Icowcode_950 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_955 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Icowcode_990 & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ & . & . & . & . & . & > . \\ _Iyear_1961 & . & -0.002 & . & . & -0.019 & > . \\ & . & (0.03) & . & . & (0.03) & > . \\ _Iyear_1962 & 0.007 & . & -0.006 & 0.007 & -0.010 & > -0.003 \\ & (0.04) & . & (0.07) & (0.04) & (0.02) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1963 & -0.019 & 0.008 & -0.059 & -0.018 & -0.005 & > -0.056 \\ & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.05) & (0.03) & (0.02) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1964 & -0.002 & 0.017 & -0.042 & 0.001 & . & > -0.037 \\ & (0.04) & (0.03) & (0.07) & (0.04) & . & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1965 & 0.002 & 0.074 & -0.081 & 0.005 & 0.052 & > -0.073 \\ & (0.04) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.06) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1966 & -0.016 & 0.013 & -0.078 & -0.012 & 0.000 & > -0.073 \\ & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.06) & (0.03) & (0.03) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1967 & 0.018 & 0.032 & -0.036 & 0.019 & 0.015 & > -0.033 \\ & (0.04) & (0.03) & (0.06) & (0.03) & (0.03) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1968 & 0.003 & 0.034 & -0.067 & 0.005 & 0.023 & > -0.066 \\ & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.05) & (0.03) & (0.03) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1969 & 0.027 & 0.100* & -0.067 & 0.028 & 0.090* & > -0.068 \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.04) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1970 & 0.051 & 0.120+ & -0.040 & 0.051 & 0.113+ & > -0.043 \\ & (0.04) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.06) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1971 & 0.050 & 0.062 & -0.029 & 0.050 & 0.057 & > -0.033 \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1972 & 0.104* & 0.237**& -0.053 & 0.103* & 0.229**& > -0.063 \\ & (0.05) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.07) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1973 & 0.156**& 0.250**& 0.015 & 0.156**& 0.245**& > 0.009 \\ & (0.05) & (0.08) & (0.07) & (0.05) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1974 & 0.108* & 0.189**& -0.028 & 0.108* & 0.185**& > -0.033 \\ & (0.04) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.06) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1975 & 0.097* & 0.199**& -0.050 & 0.109* & 0.198**& > -0.039 \\ & (0.05) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1976 & 0.113* & 0.094+ & 0.031 & 0.110* & 0.094* & > 0.015 \\ & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.07) & (0.04) & (0.05) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1977 & 0.079+ & 0.102* & -0.032 & 0.077+ & 0.106* & > -0.044 \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1978 & 0.047 & 0.074+ & -0.071 & 0.046 & 0.077* & > -0.083 \\ & (0.04) & (0.04) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1979 & 0.067 & 0.120+ & -0.069 & 0.076+ & 0.122* & > -0.067 \\ & (0.04) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.06) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1980 & 0.064 & 0.080+ & -0.049 & 0.063 & 0.079* & > -0.069 \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1981 & 0.054 & 0.095+ & -0.072 & 0.055 & 0.093* & > -0.089+ \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1982 & 0.061 & 0.103* & -0.072 & 0.061 & 0.101* & > -0.090+ \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1983 & 0.068 & 0.114* & -0.073 & 0.067 & 0.112**& > -0.090+ \\ & (0.04) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1984 & 0.073 & 0.126* & -0.075 & 0.072 & 0.124**& > -0.094+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.04) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1985 & 0.080+ & 0.137* & -0.077 & 0.079+ & 0.134**& > -0.094+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.04) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1986 & 0.086+ & 0.145* & -0.077 & 0.085+ & 0.141**& > -0.092+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1987 & 0.094+ & 0.159**& -0.077 & 0.093* & 0.155**& > -0.092+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1988 & 0.100* & 0.170**& -0.076 & 0.099* & 0.166**& > -0.091+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1989 & 0.108* & 0.182**& -0.077 & 0.106* & 0.178**& > -0.093+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.05) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1990 & 0.113* & 0.190**& -0.078 & 0.112* & 0.188**& > -0.091+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.06) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1991 & 0.120* & 0.198**& -0.076 & 0.116* & 0.197**& > -0.093+ \\ & (0.05) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.06) & > (0.05) \\ _Iyear_1992 & 0.121* & 0.202**& -0.075 & 0.118* & 0.201**& > -0.094+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.06) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1993 & 0.129* & 0.208**& -0.075 & 0.127* & 0.216**& > -0.096+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.06) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1994 & 0.133* & 0.222**& -0.081 & 0.130* & 0.225**& > -0.103+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1995 & 0.138* & 0.228**& -0.083 & 0.135* & 0.233**& > -0.106+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1996 & 0.144* & 0.240**& -0.084 & 0.141* & 0.241**& > -0.109+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1997 & 0.150* & 0.244**& -0.081 & 0.147* & 0.244**& > -0.107+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1998 & 0.154* & 0.250**& -0.085 & 0.154* & 0.246**& > -0.106+ \\ & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_1999 & 0.164* & 0.261**& -0.079 & 0.162* & 0.258**& > -0.106+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2000 & 0.165* & 0.263**& -0.081 & 0.166**& 0.262**& > -0.104+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2001 & 0.166* & 0.261**& -0.083 & 0.166* & 0.263**& > -0.109+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.08) & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.07) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2002 & 0.170* & 0.269**& -0.086 & 0.170* & 0.274**& > -0.111+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.09) & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.08) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2003 & 0.175* & 0.278**& -0.089 & 0.177**& 0.284**& > -0.110+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.09) & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.08) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2004 & 0.179* & 0.282**& -0.088 & 0.182**& 0.288**& > -0.110+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.09) & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.08) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2005 & 0.182* & 0.285**& -0.089 & 0.185**& 0.293**& > -0.112+ \\ & (0.07) & (0.09) & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.08) & > (0.06) \\ _Iyear_2006 & 0.226**& 0.365**& -0.090 & 0.226**& 0.369**& > -0.115+ \\ & (0.08) & (0.10) & (0.06) & (0.08) & (0.09) & > (0.06) \\ gdp & 0.014 & 0.041 & 0.024+ & 0.012 & 0.023 & > 0.033* \\ & (0.02) & (0.03) & (0.01) & (0.02) & (0.03) & > (0.01) \\ pop & -0.223**& -0.290**& -0.011 & -0.217**& -0.285**& > -0.009 \\ & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.03) & (0.06) & (0.07) & > (0.03) \\ gtime & -0.008 & -0.009 & 0.000 & -0.006 & -0.019+ & > 0.010 \\ & (0.01) & (0.01) & (0.01) & (0.01) & (0.01) & > (0.01) \\ oil & 0.008+ & 0.015 & -0.002 & 0.009* & 0.013 & > 0.003 \\ & (0.00) & (0.01) & (0.00) & (0.00) & (0.01) & > (0.00) \\ pol4_xconst & -0.000 & 0.009 & -0.012**& & & > \\ & (0.00) & (0.01) & (0.00) & & & > \\ legis & & & & -0.018+ & 0.028* & > -0.057**\\ & & & & (0.01) & (0.01) & > (0.02) \\ _cons & 3.357**& 4.778**& 0.044 & 3.290**& 4.890**& > -0.063 \\ & (0.97) & (1.41) & (0.54) & (0.93) & (1.34) & > (0.51) \\ ll & 1716.646 & 637.797 & 1208.688 & 1829.054 & 689.518 & > 1269.889 \\ r2 & 0.205 & 0.286 & 0.250 & 0.203 & 0.285 & > 0.249 \\ N & 2742.000 & 1099.000 & 1643.000 & 2886.000 & 1148.000 & > 1738.000 \\ . . ** Robustness tests ** . use temp, clear . *Multiparty legislature: . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.cg_ginst if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.cg_ginstitu~s _Icg_ginsti_0-2 (naturally coded; _Icg_ginsti_0 omitted) . lincom _Icg_ginsti_1 ( 1) _Icg_ginsti_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0234364 .0161611 1.45 0.147 -.0082758 .0551485 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Icg_ginsti_2 ( 1) _Icg_ginsti_2 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0147572 .0136372 1.08 0.279 -.0120024 .0415167 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.cg_ginst if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.cg_ginstitu~s _Icg_ginsti_0-2 (naturally coded; _Icg_ginsti_0 omitted) . lincom _Icg_ginsti_1 ( 1) _Icg_ginsti_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.059945 .0204728 -2.93 0.003 -.100101 -.0197889 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom _Icg_ginsti_2 ( 1) _Icg_ginsti_2 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0534251 .0187242 -2.85 0.004 -.0901513 -.0166988 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Not robust errors . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0136073 2.09 0.037 .0017659 .0551674 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0118113 -4.86 0.000 -.0806185 -.0342842 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Cluster errors on country . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, cluster(cow) i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0168489 1.69 0.097 -.0052858 .0622191 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, cluster(cow) i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0333101 -1.72 0.089 -.1238537 .0089511 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Cluster errors on year . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, cluster(year) i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0140712 2.02 0.049 .0001258 .0568075 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, cluster(year) i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0190007 -3.02 0.004 -.0957206 -.019182 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *No control variables . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0189363 .0111559 1.70 0.090 -.0029506 .0408233 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0211765 .009265 -2.29 0.022 -.0393427 -.0030103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Oil price . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0238503 .0129143 1.85 0.065 -.0014895 .0491901 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0607748 .0185148 -3.28 0.001 -.0970896 -.0244601 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp oilp2 legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .027243 .0128854 2.11 0.035 .0019599 .0525261 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp oilp2 legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0599136 .0183637 -3.26 0.001 -.0959322 -.0238951 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Oil price + shocks . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp shock1 legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0225086 .0129328 1.74 0.082 -.0028677 .0478848 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp shock1 legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0594514 .0188027 -3.16 0.002 -.0963314 -.0225713 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp oilp2 shock1 legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0279459 .0128756 2.17 0.030 .0026818 .05321 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow $c oilp oilp2 shock1 legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0563426 .0185943 -3.03 0.002 -.0928139 -.0198714 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Linear time trend . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow time legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0077194 .0104687 0.74 0.461 -.0128186 .0282574 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow time legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0248007 .0093473 -2.65 0.008 -.0431282 -.0064732 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Quadratic time trend . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow time time2 legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0091172 .0107548 0.85 0.397 -.0119821 .0302165 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow time time2 legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0239353 .0094262 -2.54 0.011 -.0424175 -.0054531 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Country-specific linear time trend . global t = "i.cow*time" . set matsize 800 . xi: qui reg oilexp $t $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.cowcode*time _IcowXtim_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0125797 .0140487 0.90 0.371 -.0149877 .0401471 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp $t $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.cowcode*time _IcowXtim_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0608465 .0197418 -3.08 0.002 -.0995693 -.0221237 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Country-specific quadratic time trend . global t = "i.cow*time i.cow*time2" . set matsize 800 . xi: qui reg oilexp $t $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.cowcode*time _IcowXtim_# (coded as above) i.cowcode*time2 _IcowXtima# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0011007 .0142968 0.08 0.939 -.0269553 .0291566 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp $t $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.cowcode*time _IcowXtim_# (coded as above) i.cowcode*time2 _IcowXtima# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.046898 .0198324 -2.36 0.018 -.0857997 -.0079963 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Regime duration fixed effects . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year i.geddes_duration $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.geddes_dura~n _Igeddes_du_1-265 (naturally coded; _Igeddes_du_1 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0260524 .0148018 1.76 0.079 -.0029968 .0551016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year i.geddes_duration $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.geddes_dura~n _Igeddes_du_1-265 (naturally coded; _Igeddes_du_1 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0561653 .0198674 -2.83 0.005 -.0951356 -.017195 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Regime case (not country) fixed effects . egen rcode = group(geddes_case) (925 missing values generated) . xi: qui reg oilexp i.rcode i.year $c legis if p==1, r i.rcode _Ircode_1-241 (naturally coded; _Ircode_1 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0303798 .0147132 2.06 0.039 .0015082 .0592513 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.rcode i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.rcode _Ircode_1-241 (naturally coded; _Ircode_1 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0651115 .0240641 -2.71 0.007 -.1123125 -.0179106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Conditional logit . xi: qui logit oilexp i.cow oilp oilp2 shock1 $c i.p*legis, r /* interaction model s > o fewer countries are dropped from model */ i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*legis _IpXlegis_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) [oilexp]legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -2.620115 1.084471 -2.42 0.016 -4.74564 -.49459 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IpXlegis_1 ( 1) [oilexp]legis + [oilexp]_IpXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .4439524 .7000504 0.63 0.526 -.9281212 1.816026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Random (not fixed) effects . xi: qui xtreg oilexp i.year $c legis if p==1, re i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0133012 .009645 1.38 0.168 -.0056026 .032205 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui xtreg oilexp i.year $c legis if p==0, re i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0484306 .0093279 -5.19 0.000 -.066713 -.0301482 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Correlated random effects (Reported in Appendix Table B-1) . use temp, clear . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0178513 .0107187 -1.67 0.096 -.0388688 .0031662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . local vars = "gdp pop gtime oil legis p time time2" . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen cm_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1, by(cow) /* > average for each unit for the full sample -- both pers and non-pers */ 3. } (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) . egen my_oilexp = mean(oilexp) if s==1, by(cow) /* mean of DV > */ (1781 missing values generated) . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen cmp_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1 & p==1, by(cow) /* average > for each unit for the sub-sample -- pers */ 3. } (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) (3519 missing values generated) . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen cmnp_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1 & p==0, by(cow) /* average > for each unit for the sub-sample -- non-pers */ 3. } (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) (2929 missing values generated) . * Unit means but no RE * . xi: qui reg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==1, r . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0160507 .0121399 1.32 0.186 -.0077686 .03987 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==0, r . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0728605 .0193519 -3.77 0.000 -.1108162 -.0349049 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * Unit means and YES RE * . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==1, r re /* These ar > e reported in robustness table */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0169159 .0133295 1.27 0.204 -.0092093 .0430412 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==0, r re /* The > se are reported in robustness table */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0643392 .0319553 -2.01 0.044 -.1269704 -.001708 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * Unit means and YES RE and NON-linear link * . xi: qui xtprobit oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==1, re /* Cha > nging link function makes little difference */ . lincom legis ( 1) [oilexp]legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .2436229 .3444664 0.71 0.479 -.4315188 .9187646 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui xtprobit oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* if p==0, re /* Cha > nging link function makes little difference */ . lincom legis ( 1) [oilexp]legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.867697 .3764112 -2.31 0.021 -1.605449 -.1299445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * Unit means and YES RE and YES mean y * . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* my_ if p==1, r re /* add > ing y-mean to RHS makes little difference */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0150838 .0133965 1.13 0.260 -.0111728 .0413404 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cm_* my_ if p==0, r re > /* adding y-mean to RHS makes little difference */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0720337 .0312165 -2.31 0.021 -.1332168 -.0108506 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * Sub-sample unit means and YES RE * . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cmp_* if p==1, r re > /* Substantively little difference in estimates if we use full sample means or sub-sample me > ans to model unit heterogeneity */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0203205 .0152326 1.33 0.182 -.0095349 .0501759 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui xtreg oilexp legis $c time time2 cmnp_* if p==0, r re > /* Substantively little difference in estimates if we use full sample means or sub-sample me > ans to model unit heterogeneity */ . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0624147 .0327661 -1.90 0.057 -.126635 .0018056 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . . *Exclude monarchies* . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if geddes_personal==1 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0318451 .0142109 2.24 0.025 .0039445 .0597458 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0574513 .0190182 -3.02 0.003 -.0947544 -.0201483 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Pure types only* . rename geddes_regime ged . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if geddes_pers==1 | geddes_monarch==1 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0284666 .0127663 2.23 0.026 .003416 .0535173 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c legis if ged=="military" | ged=="sparty" , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0583768 .0312283 -1.87 0.062 -.1196626 .0029091 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Ross's Big Oil Change* . gen smalloil= year<1980 . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.smalloil*legis if p==1 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.smalloil _Ismalloil_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ismalloil_0 omitted) i.small~l*legis _IsmaXlegis_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0479326 .0164715 2.91 0.004 .0156114 .0802538 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IsmaXlegis_1 ( 1) legis + _IsmaXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0026486 .025581 0.10 0.918 -.0475477 .052845 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.smalloil*legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.smalloil _Ismalloil_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ismalloil_0 omitted) i.small~l*legis _IsmaXlegis_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0239111 .0131397 -1.82 0.069 -.0496837 .0018615 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IsmaXlegis_1 ( 1) legis + _IsmaXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.087412 .026724 -3.27 0.001 -.1398294 -.0349946 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Cold war* . gen cw= year<1989 . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.cw*legis if p==1 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.cw _Icw_0-1 (naturally coded; _Icw_0 omitted) i.cw*legis _IcwXlegis_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0278331 .0159237 1.75 0.081 -.0034132 .0590794 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IcwXlegis_1 ( 1) legis + _IcwXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .0287812 .0159583 1.80 0.072 -.0025329 .0600953 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilexp i.cow i.year $c i.cw*legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.cw _Icw_0-1 (naturally coded; _Icw_0 omitted) i.cw*legis _IcwXlegis_# (coded as above) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0299454 .0167082 -1.79 0.073 -.0627174 .0028266 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IcwXlegis_1 ( 1) legis + _IcwXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0628523 .020306 -3.10 0.002 -.1026811 -.0230235 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *IV FE . xi: xtivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) , fe partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 98 Obs per group: min = 4 avg = 29.4 max = 46 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2886 F( 5, 2738) = 6.20 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 49.21167763 Centered R2 = -0.0384 Total (uncentered) SS = 49.21167763 Uncentered R2 = -0.0384 Residual SS = 51.10321983 Root MSE = .1354 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.1371844 .0493552 -2.78 0.005 -.2339188 -.0404499 gdp | .0188467 .0157314 1.20 0.231 -.0119862 .0496796 pop | -.2179892 .059532 -3.66 0.000 -.3346698 -.1013085 gtime | .0182732 .0118058 1.55 0.122 -.0048658 .0414122 oil | .0150108 .0052118 2.88 0.004 .0047958 .0252258 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 69.134 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 71.513 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv1 . qui reg legis oilexp i.cow i.year $c inherit if p~=., r . avplot inherit . xi: xtivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) if p==1, fe partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - singleton groups detected. 2 observation(s) not used. Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 55 Obs per group: min = 2 avg = 20.8 max = 46 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1146 F( 5, 1041) = 4.86 Prob > F = 0.0002 Total (centered) SS = 21.8329954 Centered R2 = 0.0729 Total (uncentered) SS = 21.8329954 Uncentered R2 = 0.0729 Residual SS = 20.24239812 Root MSE = .1362 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | .0432343 .0460293 0.94 0.348 -.0469814 .1334501 gdp | .0211244 .0244884 0.86 0.388 -.026872 .0691208 pop | -.2794376 .0719228 -3.89 0.000 -.4204037 -.1384715 gtime | -.0231608 .0153959 -1.50 0.132 -.0533362 .0070146 oil | .0114799 .0101559 1.13 0.258 -.0084253 .0313852 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 43.917 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 49.663 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv2 . qui reg legis oilexp i.cow i.year $c inherit if p==1, r . avplot inherit . xi: xtivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) if p==0, fe partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - singleton groups detected. 3 observation(s) not used. Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 70 Obs per group: min = 2 avg = 24.8 max = 46 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1735 F( 5, 1615) = 2.55 Prob > F = 0.0261 Total (centered) SS = 24.02341864 Centered R2 = -0.1874 Total (uncentered) SS = 24.02341864 Uncentered R2 = -0.1874 Residual SS = 28.52528343 Root MSE = .1309 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.2742658 .1092879 -2.51 0.012 -.4884661 -.0600656 gdp | .0509709 .0165042 3.09 0.002 .0186232 .0833186 pop | .0201421 .0425288 0.47 0.636 -.0632129 .1034971 gtime | .0458685 .0221704 2.07 0.039 .0024153 .0893218 oil | .0132481 .0065206 2.03 0.042 .000468 .0260282 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 14.153 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 14.145 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv3 . qui reg legis oilexp i.cow i.year $c inherit if p==0, r . avplot inherit . *No FE . xi: ivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) , partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2886 F( 5, 2835) = 11.91 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 56.08543154 Centered R2 = 0.0131 Total (uncentered) SS = 56.08543154 Uncentered R2 = 0.0131 Residual SS = 55.3505426 Root MSE = .1385 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.0842591 .0186135 -4.53 0.000 -.1207409 -.0477773 gdp | .0016295 .0035377 0.46 0.645 -.0053044 .0085633 pop | -.0002439 .0024588 -0.10 0.921 -.005063 .0045751 gtime | -.002228 .0043731 -0.51 0.610 -.0107992 .0063432 oil | .0087522 .0014249 6.14 0.000 .0059594 .011545 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 226.924 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 254.643 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv4 . xi: ivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) if p==1, partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1148 F( 5, 1097) = 6.29 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 24.85877339 Centered R2 = 0.0678 Total (uncentered) SS = 24.85877339 Uncentered R2 = 0.0678 Residual SS = 23.17224285 Root MSE = .1421 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.0246959 .0269609 -0.92 0.360 -.0775383 .0281465 gdp | .0101086 .0061353 1.65 0.099 -.0019162 .0221335 pop | -.0012848 .0041727 -0.31 0.758 -.0094632 .0068936 gtime | -.0164441 .005912 -2.78 0.005 -.0280314 -.0048568 oil | .0091951 .0021455 4.29 0.000 .00499 .0134002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 99.755 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 122.379 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv5 . xi: ivreg2 oilexp i.year $c (legis= inherit) if p==0, partial(i.year) r i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1738 F( 5, 1687) = 6.38 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 29.81011858 Centered R2 = -0.2238 Total (uncentered) SS = 29.81011858 Uncentered R2 = -0.2238 Residual SS = 36.48260206 Root MSE = .1449 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.2259233 .0644243 -3.51 0.000 -.3521927 -.0996539 gdp | .0015299 .0041007 0.37 0.709 -.0065074 .0095673 pop | -.0082329 .0039562 -2.08 0.037 -.0159869 -.000479 gtime | .044978 .0168407 2.67 0.008 .0119709 .0779851 oil | .0090691 .002002 4.53 0.000 .0051451 .012993 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 35.532 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 35.644 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store iv6 . estout iv1 iv2 iv3 iv4 iv5 iv6 using AppendixTableB2.tex, cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se > (par fmt(%9.2f))) stats(widstat N) style(tex) replace label starlevels(+ 0.10 * 0.05 ** 0.01) > title(\label{Atab1}) \label{Atab1} & iv1 & iv2 & iv3 & iv4 & iv5 & > iv6 \\ & b/se & b/se & b/se & b/se & b/se & > b/se \\ legis & -0.137**& 0.043 & -0.274* & -0.084**& -0.025 & > -0.226**\\ & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.11) & (0.02) & (0.03) & > (0.06) \\ gdp & 0.019 & 0.021 & 0.051**& 0.002 & 0.010+ & > 0.002 \\ & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.00) & (0.01) & > (0.00) \\ pop & -0.218**& -0.279**& 0.020 & -0.000 & -0.001 & > -0.008* \\ & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.04) & (0.00) & (0.00) & > (0.00) \\ gtime & 0.018 & -0.023 & 0.046* & -0.002 & -0.016**& > 0.045**\\ & (0.01) & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.00) & (0.01) & > (0.02) \\ oil & 0.015**& 0.011 & 0.013* & 0.009**& 0.009**& > 0.009**\\ & (0.01) & (0.01) & (0.01) & (0.00) & (0.00) & > (0.00) \\ widstat & 71.513 & 49.663 & 14.145 & 254.643 & 122.379 & > 35.644 \\ N & 2886.000 & 1146.000 & 1735.000 & 2886.000 & 1148.000 & > 1738.000 \\ . . * Lewbel instruments * . xi: ivreg2h oilexp i.cow i.year $c p (legis= inherit) if p==1, partial(i.year i.cow) > r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) ***** Standard IV Results ***** IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1148 F( 5, 1041) = 4.85 Prob > F = 0.0002 Total (centered) SS = 21.83299562 Centered R2 = 0.0729 Total (uncentered) SS = 21.83299562 Uncentered R2 = 0.0729 Residual SS = 20.24239833 Root MSE = .1328 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | .0432343 .0449112 0.96 0.336 -.04479 .1312586 gdp | .0211244 .0238935 0.88 0.377 -.0257061 .0679548 pop | -.2794376 .0701757 -3.98 0.000 -.4169794 -.1418958 gtime | -.0231608 .0150219 -1.54 0.123 -.0526032 .0062815 oil | .0114799 .0099092 1.16 0.247 -.0079418 .0309017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 46.131 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 49.577 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_840 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***** IV with Generated Instruments only ***** Instruments created from Z: _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icow > code_93 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Ic > owcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_230 > _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode > _341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icow > code_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _ > Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_4 > 34 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_450 _Icowco > de_451 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Ic > owcode_483 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 > _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode > _541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icow > code_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_615 _ > Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_6 > 51 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowco > de_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Ic > owcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 > _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode > _780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icow > code_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _ > Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_ > 1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyea > r_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iy > ear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _ > Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 > _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_20 > 05 _Iyear_2006 gdp pop gtime oil p OLS estimation -------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1148 F( 5, 1041) = 5.09 Prob > F = 0.0001 Total (centered) SS = 21.83299562 Centered R2 = 0.0739 Total (uncentered) SS = 21.83299562 Uncentered R2 = 0.0739 Residual SS = 20.21952112 Root MSE = .1327 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- gdp | .0226297 .0242646 0.93 0.351 -.024928 .0701874 pop | -.284667 .0683888 -4.16 0.000 -.4187066 -.1506274 gtime | -.0185793 .0100519 -1.85 0.065 -.0382806 .001122 oil | .0127942 .0096564 1.32 0.185 -.0061321 .0317204 legis | .0284666 .0121568 2.34 0.019 .0046398 .0522935 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 53.994 Chi-sq(103) P-val = 1.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil legis Excluded instruments: legis__Icowcode_41_g legis__Icowcode_42_g legis__Icowcode_90_g legis__Icowcode_93_g legis__Icowcode_130_g legis__Icowcode_135_g legis__Icowcode_145_g legis__Icowcode_230_g legis__Icowcode_235_g legis__Icowcode_365_g legis__Icowcode_370_g legis__Icowcode_371_g legis__Icowcode_372_g legis__Icowcode_373_g legis__Icowcode_404_g legis__Icowcode_420_g legis__Icowcode_432_g legis__Icowcode_434_g legis__Icowcode_435_g legis__Icowcode_436_g legis__Icowcode_437_g legis__Icowcode_438_g legis__Icowcode_450_g legis__Icowcode_461_g legis__Icowcode_471_g legis__Icowcode_482_g legis__Icowcode_483_g legis__Icowcode_490_g legis__Icowcode_500_g legis__Icowcode_516_g legis__Icowcode_520_g legis__Icowcode_530_g legis__Icowcode_553_g legis__Icowcode_572_g legis__Icowcode_580_g legis__Icowcode_600_g legis__Icowcode_620_g legis__Icowcode_625_g legis__Icowcode_630_g legis__Icowcode_645_g legis__Icowcode_663_g legis__Icowcode_670_g legis__Icowcode_678_g legis__Icowcode_690_g legis__Icowcode_696_g legis__Icowcode_698_g legis__Icowcode_700_g legis__Icowcode_702_g legis__Icowcode_703_g legis__Icowcode_705_g legis__Icowcode_771_g legis__Icowcode_790_g legis__Icowcode_811_g legis__Icowcode_840_g legis__Iyear_1961_g legis__Iyear_1962_g legis__Iyear_1963_g legis__Iyear_1964_g legis__Iyear_1965_g legis__Iyear_1966_g legis__Iyear_1967_g legis__Iyear_1968_g legis__Iyear_1969_g legis__Iyear_1970_g legis__Iyear_1971_g legis__Iyear_1972_g legis__Iyear_1973_g legis__Iyear_1974_g legis__Iyear_1975_g legis__Iyear_1976_g legis__Iyear_1977_g legis__Iyear_1978_g legis__Iyear_1979_g legis__Iyear_1980_g legis__Iyear_1981_g legis__Iyear_1982_g legis__Iyear_1983_g legis__Iyear_1984_g legis__Iyear_1985_g legis__Iyear_1986_g legis__Iyear_1987_g legis__Iyear_1988_g legis__Iyear_1989_g legis__Iyear_1990_g legis__Iyear_1991_g legis__Iyear_1992_g legis__Iyear_1993_g legis__Iyear_1994_g legis__Iyear_1995_g legis__Iyear_1996_g legis__Iyear_1997_g legis__Iyear_1998_g legis__Iyear_1999_g legis__Iyear_2000_g legis__Iyear_2001_g legis__Iyear_2002_g legis__Iyear_2003_g legis__Iyear_2004_g legis__Iyear_2005_g legis_gdp_g legis_pop_g legis_gtime_g legis_oil_g Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_840 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_70_g legis__Icowcode_91_g legis__Icowcode_92_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_140_g legis__Icowcode_150_g legis__Icowcode_155_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_165_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_290_g legis__Icowcode_310_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_339_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_350_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_355_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_360_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_433_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_451_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_475_g legis__Icowcode_481_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_501_g legis__Icowcode_510_g legis__Icowcode_517_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_531_g legis__Icowcode_540_g legis__Icowcode_541_g legis__Icowcode_551_g legis__Icowcode_552_g legis__Icowcode_560_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_570_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_615_g legis__Icowcode_616_g legis__Icowcode_640_g legis__Icowcode_651_g legis__Icowcode_652_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_701_g legis__Icowcode_704_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_712_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_732_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_770_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_780_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_800_g legis__Icowcode_812_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_820_g legis__Icowcode_830_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_850_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g Reclassified as exog: legis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***** IV with Generated Instruments and External Instruments ***** Instruments created from Z: _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icow > code_93 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Ic > owcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_230 > _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode > _341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icow > code_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _ > Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_4 > 34 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_450 _Icowco > de_451 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Ic > owcode_483 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 > _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode > _541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icow > code_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_615 _ > Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_6 > 51 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowco > de_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Ic > owcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 > _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode > _780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icow > code_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _ > Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_ > 1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyea > r_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iy > ear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _ > Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 > _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_20 > 05 _Iyear_2006 gdp pop gtime oil p OLS estimation -------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1148 F( 5, 1041) = 5.09 Prob > F = 0.0001 Total (centered) SS = 21.83299562 Centered R2 = 0.0739 Total (uncentered) SS = 21.83299562 Uncentered R2 = 0.0739 Residual SS = 20.21952112 Root MSE = .1327 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- gdp | .0226297 .0242646 0.93 0.351 -.024928 .0701874 pop | -.284667 .0683888 -4.16 0.000 -.4187066 -.1506274 gtime | -.0185793 .0100519 -1.85 0.065 -.0382806 .001122 oil | .0127942 .0096564 1.32 0.185 -.0061321 .0317204 legis | .0284666 .0121568 2.34 0.019 .0046398 .0522935 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 54.000 Chi-sq(104) P-val = 1.0000 -orthog- option: Hansen J statistic (eqn. excluding suspect orthog. conditions): 53.994 Chi-sq(103) P-val = 1.0000 C statistic (exogeneity/orthogonality of suspect instruments): 0.006 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.9376 Instruments tested: inherit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil legis Excluded instruments: inherit legis__Icowcode_41_g legis__Icowcode_42_g legis__Icowcode_90_g legis__Icowcode_93_g legis__Icowcode_130_g legis__Icowcode_135_g legis__Icowcode_145_g legis__Icowcode_230_g legis__Icowcode_235_g legis__Icowcode_365_g legis__Icowcode_370_g legis__Icowcode_371_g legis__Icowcode_372_g legis__Icowcode_373_g legis__Icowcode_404_g legis__Icowcode_420_g legis__Icowcode_432_g legis__Icowcode_434_g legis__Icowcode_435_g legis__Icowcode_436_g legis__Icowcode_437_g legis__Icowcode_438_g legis__Icowcode_450_g legis__Icowcode_461_g legis__Icowcode_471_g legis__Icowcode_482_g legis__Icowcode_483_g legis__Icowcode_490_g legis__Icowcode_500_g legis__Icowcode_516_g legis__Icowcode_520_g legis__Icowcode_530_g legis__Icowcode_553_g legis__Icowcode_572_g legis__Icowcode_580_g legis__Icowcode_600_g legis__Icowcode_620_g legis__Icowcode_625_g legis__Icowcode_630_g legis__Icowcode_645_g legis__Icowcode_663_g legis__Icowcode_670_g legis__Icowcode_678_g legis__Icowcode_690_g legis__Icowcode_696_g legis__Icowcode_698_g legis__Icowcode_700_g legis__Icowcode_702_g legis__Icowcode_703_g legis__Icowcode_705_g legis__Icowcode_771_g legis__Icowcode_790_g legis__Icowcode_811_g legis__Icowcode_840_g legis__Iyear_1961_g legis__Iyear_1962_g legis__Iyear_1963_g legis__Iyear_1964_g legis__Iyear_1965_g legis__Iyear_1966_g legis__Iyear_1967_g legis__Iyear_1968_g legis__Iyear_1969_g legis__Iyear_1970_g legis__Iyear_1971_g legis__Iyear_1972_g legis__Iyear_1973_g legis__Iyear_1974_g legis__Iyear_1975_g legis__Iyear_1976_g legis__Iyear_1977_g legis__Iyear_1978_g legis__Iyear_1979_g legis__Iyear_1980_g legis__Iyear_1981_g legis__Iyear_1982_g legis__Iyear_1983_g legis__Iyear_1984_g legis__Iyear_1985_g legis__Iyear_1986_g legis__Iyear_1987_g legis__Iyear_1988_g legis__Iyear_1989_g legis__Iyear_1990_g legis__Iyear_1991_g legis__Iyear_1992_g legis__Iyear_1993_g legis__Iyear_1994_g legis__Iyear_1995_g legis__Iyear_1996_g legis__Iyear_1997_g legis__Iyear_1998_g legis__Iyear_1999_g legis__Iyear_2000_g legis__Iyear_2001_g legis__Iyear_2002_g legis__Iyear_2003_g legis__Iyear_2004_g legis__Iyear_2005_g legis_gdp_g legis_pop_g legis_gtime_g legis_oil_g Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_840 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_70_g legis__Icowcode_91_g legis__Icowcode_92_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_140_g legis__Icowcode_150_g legis__Icowcode_155_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_165_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_290_g legis__Icowcode_310_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_339_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_350_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_355_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_360_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_433_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_451_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_475_g legis__Icowcode_481_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_501_g legis__Icowcode_510_g legis__Icowcode_517_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_531_g legis__Icowcode_540_g legis__Icowcode_541_g legis__Icowcode_551_g legis__Icowcode_552_g legis__Icowcode_560_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_570_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_615_g legis__Icowcode_616_g legis__Icowcode_640_g legis__Icowcode_651_g legis__Icowcode_652_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_701_g legis__Icowcode_704_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_712_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_732_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_770_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_780_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_800_g legis__Icowcode_812_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_820_g legis__Icowcode_830_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_850_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g Reclassified as exog: legis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- Variable | StdIV GenInst GenExtInst -------------+--------------------------------------------- legis | .04323 .02847 .02847 | .0449 .0122 .0122 gdp | .02112 .02263 .02263 | .0239 .0243 .0243 pop | -.2794 -.2847 -.2847 | .0702 .0684 .0684 gtime | -.02316 -.01858 -.01858 | .015 .0101 .0101 oil | .01148 .01279 .01279 | .00991 .00966 .00966 -------------+--------------------------------------------- N | 1148 1148 1148 rmse | .133 .133 .133 j | 0 54 54 jdf | 0 103 104 jp | 1 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- legend: b/se Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_70_g legis__Icowcode_91_g legis__Icowcode_92_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_140_g legis__Icowcode_150_g legis__Icowcode_155_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_165_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_290_g legis__Icowcode_310_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_339_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_350_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_355_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_360_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_433_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_451_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_475_g legis__Icowcode_481_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_501_g legis__Icowcode_510_g legis__Icowcode_517_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_531_g legis__Icowcode_540_g legis__Icowcode_541_g legis__Icowcode_551_g legis__Icowcode_552_g legis__Icowcode_560_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_570_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_615_g legis__Icowcode_616_g legis__Icowcode_640_g legis__Icowcode_651_g legis__Icowcode_652_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_701_g legis__Icowcode_704_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_712_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_732_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_770_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_780_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_800_g legis__Icowcode_812_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_820_g legis__Icowcode_830_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_850_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g . xi: ivreg2h oilexp i.cow i.year $c p (legis= inherit) if p==0, partial(i.year i.cow) > r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) ***** Standard IV Results ***** IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1738 F( 5, 1615) = 2.55 Prob > F = 0.0263 Total (centered) SS = 24.02341852 Centered R2 = -0.1874 Total (uncentered) SS = 24.02341852 Uncentered R2 = -0.1874 Residual SS = 28.52528338 Root MSE = .1281 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.2742658 .1070605 -2.56 0.010 -.4841006 -.0644311 gdp | .0509709 .0161679 3.15 0.002 .0192824 .0826593 pop | .0201421 .0416621 0.48 0.629 -.061514 .1017983 gtime | .0458685 .0217186 2.11 0.035 .0033009 .0884361 oil | .0132481 .0063877 2.07 0.038 .0007285 .0257678 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 14.748 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 14.121 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_850 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***** IV with Generated Instruments only ***** Instruments created from Z: _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icow > code_93 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Ic > owcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_230 > _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode > _341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icow > code_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _ > Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_4 > 34 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_450 _Icowco > de_451 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Ic > owcode_483 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 > _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode > _541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icow > code_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_615 _ > Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_6 > 51 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowco > de_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Ic > owcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 > _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode > _780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icow > code_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _ > Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_ > 1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyea > r_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iy > ear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _ > Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 > _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_20 > 05 _Iyear_2006 gdp pop gtime oil p OLS estimation -------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1738 F( 5, 1615) = 2.51 Prob > F = 0.0283 Total (centered) SS = 24.02341852 Centered R2 = 0.0176 Total (uncentered) SS = 24.02341852 Uncentered R2 = 0.0176 Residual SS = 23.60104826 Root MSE = .1165 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- gdp | .0331793 .0137674 2.41 0.016 .0061957 .060163 pop | -.0087719 .029093 -0.30 0.763 -.0657931 .0482494 gtime | .0103737 .0086753 1.20 0.232 -.0066296 .0273771 oil | .0028352 .0037977 0.75 0.455 -.0046083 .0102786 legis | -.0574513 .0183329 -3.13 0.002 -.0933832 -.0215195 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 35.559 Chi-sq(118) P-val = 1.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil legis Excluded instruments: legis__Icowcode_41_g legis__Icowcode_42_g legis__Icowcode_70_g legis__Icowcode_90_g legis__Icowcode_91_g legis__Icowcode_92_g legis__Icowcode_93_g legis__Icowcode_130_g legis__Icowcode_135_g legis__Icowcode_140_g legis__Icowcode_145_g legis__Icowcode_150_g legis__Icowcode_155_g legis__Icowcode_165_g legis__Icowcode_290_g legis__Icowcode_310_g legis__Icowcode_339_g legis__Icowcode_350_g legis__Icowcode_355_g legis__Icowcode_360_g legis__Icowcode_404_g legis__Icowcode_420_g legis__Icowcode_432_g legis__Icowcode_433_g legis__Icowcode_434_g legis__Icowcode_436_g legis__Icowcode_437_g legis__Icowcode_438_g legis__Icowcode_450_g legis__Icowcode_451_g legis__Icowcode_471_g legis__Icowcode_475_g legis__Icowcode_481_g legis__Icowcode_482_g legis__Icowcode_483_g legis__Icowcode_501_g legis__Icowcode_510_g legis__Icowcode_516_g legis__Icowcode_517_g legis__Icowcode_530_g legis__Icowcode_531_g legis__Icowcode_540_g legis__Icowcode_541_g legis__Icowcode_551_g legis__Icowcode_552_g legis__Icowcode_560_g legis__Icowcode_570_g legis__Icowcode_580_g legis__Icowcode_615_g legis__Icowcode_616_g legis__Icowcode_630_g legis__Icowcode_640_g legis__Icowcode_645_g legis__Icowcode_651_g legis__Icowcode_652_g legis__Icowcode_700_g legis__Icowcode_701_g legis__Icowcode_704_g legis__Icowcode_712_g legis__Icowcode_732_g legis__Icowcode_770_g legis__Icowcode_771_g legis__Icowcode_780_g legis__Icowcode_800_g legis__Icowcode_811_g legis__Icowcode_812_g legis__Icowcode_820_g legis__Icowcode_830_g legis__Icowcode_850_g legis__Iyear_1961_g legis__Iyear_1962_g legis__Iyear_1963_g legis__Iyear_1964_g legis__Iyear_1965_g legis__Iyear_1966_g legis__Iyear_1967_g legis__Iyear_1968_g legis__Iyear_1969_g legis__Iyear_1970_g legis__Iyear_1971_g legis__Iyear_1972_g legis__Iyear_1973_g legis__Iyear_1974_g legis__Iyear_1975_g legis__Iyear_1976_g legis__Iyear_1977_g legis__Iyear_1978_g legis__Iyear_1979_g legis__Iyear_1980_g legis__Iyear_1981_g legis__Iyear_1982_g legis__Iyear_1983_g legis__Iyear_1984_g legis__Iyear_1985_g legis__Iyear_1986_g legis__Iyear_1987_g legis__Iyear_1988_g legis__Iyear_1989_g legis__Iyear_1990_g legis__Iyear_1991_g legis__Iyear_1992_g legis__Iyear_1993_g legis__Iyear_1994_g legis__Iyear_1995_g legis__Iyear_1996_g legis__Iyear_1997_g legis__Iyear_1998_g legis__Iyear_1999_g legis__Iyear_2000_g legis__Iyear_2001_g legis__Iyear_2002_g legis__Iyear_2003_g legis__Iyear_2004_g legis__Iyear_2005_g legis_gdp_g legis_pop_g legis_gtime_g legis_oil_g Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_850 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_230_g legis__Icowcode_235_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_365_g legis__Icowcode_370_g legis__Icowcode_371_g legis__Icowcode_372_g legis__Icowcode_373_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_435_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_461_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_490_g legis__Icowcode_500_g legis__Icowcode_520_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_553_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_572_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_600_g legis__Icowcode_620_g legis__Icowcode_625_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_663_g legis__Icowcode_670_g legis__Icowcode_678_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_690_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_696_g legis__Icowcode_698_g legis__Icowcode_702_g legis__Icowcode_703_g legis__Icowcode_705_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_790_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_840_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g Reclassified as exog: legis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***** IV with Generated Instruments and External Instruments ***** Instruments created from Z: _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icow > code_93 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Ic > owcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_230 > _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode > _341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_359 _Icow > code_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _ > Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_4 > 34 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_450 _Icowco > de_451 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Ic > owcode_483 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 > _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode > _541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_570 _Icow > code_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_615 _ > Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_6 > 51 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowco > de_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Ic > owcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_713 > _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode > _780 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_816 _Icow > code_817 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_850 _Icowcode_950 _ > Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_ > 1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyea > r_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iy > ear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _ > Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 > _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_20 > 05 _Iyear_2006 gdp pop gtime oil p OLS estimation -------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 1738 F( 5, 1615) = 2.51 Prob > F = 0.0283 Total (centered) SS = 24.02341852 Centered R2 = 0.0176 Total (uncentered) SS = 24.02341852 Uncentered R2 = 0.0176 Residual SS = 23.60104826 Root MSE = .1165 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust oilexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- gdp | .0331793 .0137674 2.41 0.016 .0061957 .060163 pop | -.0087719 .029093 -0.30 0.763 -.0657931 .0482494 gtime | .0103737 .0086753 1.20 0.232 -.0066296 .0273771 oil | .0028352 .0037977 0.75 0.455 -.0046083 .0102786 legis | -.0574513 .0183329 -3.13 0.002 -.0933832 -.0215195 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 35.701 Chi-sq(119) P-val = 1.0000 -orthog- option: Hansen J statistic (eqn. excluding suspect orthog. conditions): 35.559 Chi-sq(118) P-val = 1.0000 C statistic (exogeneity/orthogonality of suspect instruments): 0.143 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.7055 Instruments tested: inherit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: Included instruments: gdp pop gtime oil legis Excluded instruments: inherit legis__Icowcode_41_g legis__Icowcode_42_g legis__Icowcode_70_g legis__Icowcode_90_g legis__Icowcode_91_g legis__Icowcode_92_g legis__Icowcode_93_g legis__Icowcode_130_g legis__Icowcode_135_g legis__Icowcode_140_g legis__Icowcode_145_g legis__Icowcode_150_g legis__Icowcode_155_g legis__Icowcode_165_g legis__Icowcode_290_g legis__Icowcode_310_g legis__Icowcode_339_g legis__Icowcode_350_g legis__Icowcode_355_g legis__Icowcode_360_g legis__Icowcode_404_g legis__Icowcode_420_g legis__Icowcode_432_g legis__Icowcode_433_g legis__Icowcode_434_g legis__Icowcode_436_g legis__Icowcode_437_g legis__Icowcode_438_g legis__Icowcode_450_g legis__Icowcode_451_g legis__Icowcode_471_g legis__Icowcode_475_g legis__Icowcode_481_g legis__Icowcode_482_g legis__Icowcode_483_g legis__Icowcode_501_g legis__Icowcode_510_g legis__Icowcode_516_g legis__Icowcode_517_g legis__Icowcode_530_g legis__Icowcode_531_g legis__Icowcode_540_g legis__Icowcode_541_g legis__Icowcode_551_g legis__Icowcode_552_g legis__Icowcode_560_g legis__Icowcode_570_g legis__Icowcode_580_g legis__Icowcode_615_g legis__Icowcode_616_g legis__Icowcode_630_g legis__Icowcode_640_g legis__Icowcode_645_g legis__Icowcode_651_g legis__Icowcode_652_g legis__Icowcode_700_g legis__Icowcode_701_g legis__Icowcode_704_g legis__Icowcode_712_g legis__Icowcode_732_g legis__Icowcode_770_g legis__Icowcode_771_g legis__Icowcode_780_g legis__Icowcode_800_g legis__Icowcode_811_g legis__Icowcode_812_g legis__Icowcode_820_g legis__Icowcode_830_g legis__Icowcode_850_g legis__Iyear_1961_g legis__Iyear_1962_g legis__Iyear_1963_g legis__Iyear_1964_g legis__Iyear_1965_g legis__Iyear_1966_g legis__Iyear_1967_g legis__Iyear_1968_g legis__Iyear_1969_g legis__Iyear_1970_g legis__Iyear_1971_g legis__Iyear_1972_g legis__Iyear_1973_g legis__Iyear_1974_g legis__Iyear_1975_g legis__Iyear_1976_g legis__Iyear_1977_g legis__Iyear_1978_g legis__Iyear_1979_g legis__Iyear_1980_g legis__Iyear_1981_g legis__Iyear_1982_g legis__Iyear_1983_g legis__Iyear_1984_g legis__Iyear_1985_g legis__Iyear_1986_g legis__Iyear_1987_g legis__Iyear_1988_g legis__Iyear_1989_g legis__Iyear_1990_g legis__Iyear_1991_g legis__Iyear_1992_g legis__Iyear_1993_g legis__Iyear_1994_g legis__Iyear_1995_g legis__Iyear_1996_g legis__Iyear_1997_g legis__Iyear_1998_g legis__Iyear_1999_g legis__Iyear_2000_g legis__Iyear_2001_g legis__Iyear_2002_g legis__Iyear_2003_g legis__Iyear_2004_g legis__Iyear_2005_g legis_gdp_g legis_pop_g legis_gtime_g legis_oil_g Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Icowcode_41 _Icowcode_42 _Icowcode_70 _Icowcode_90 _Icowcode_91 _Icowcode_92 _Icowcode_93 _Icowcode_130 _Icowcode_135 _Icowcode_140 _Icowcode_145 _Icowcode_150 _Icowcode_155 _Icowcode_165 _Icowcode_290 _Icowcode_310 _Icowcode_339 _Icowcode_350 _Icowcode_355 _Icowcode_360 _Icowcode_365 _Icowcode_404 _Icowcode_420 _Icowcode_432 _Icowcode_433 _Icowcode_434 _Icowcode_435 _Icowcode_436 _Icowcode_437 _Icowcode_438 _Icowcode_450 _Icowcode_451 _Icowcode_471 _Icowcode_475 _Icowcode_481 _Icowcode_482 _Icowcode_483 _Icowcode_501 _Icowcode_510 _Icowcode_516 _Icowcode_517 _Icowcode_530 _Icowcode_531 _Icowcode_540 _Icowcode_541 _Icowcode_551 _Icowcode_552 _Icowcode_560 _Icowcode_570 _Icowcode_580 _Icowcode_615 _Icowcode_616 _Icowcode_625 _Icowcode_630 _Icowcode_640 _Icowcode_645 _Icowcode_651 _Icowcode_652 _Icowcode_700 _Icowcode_701 _Icowcode_704 _Icowcode_712 _Icowcode_732 _Icowcode_770 _Icowcode_771 _Icowcode_780 _Icowcode_800 _Icowcode_811 _Icowcode_812 _Icowcode_820 _Icowcode_830 _Icowcode_850 _cons nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Dropped collinear: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_230_g legis__Icowcode_235_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_365_g legis__Icowcode_370_g legis__Icowcode_371_g legis__Icowcode_372_g legis__Icowcode_373_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_435_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_461_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_490_g legis__Icowcode_500_g legis__Icowcode_520_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_553_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_572_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_600_g legis__Icowcode_620_g legis__Icowcode_625_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_663_g legis__Icowcode_670_g legis__Icowcode_678_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_690_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_696_g legis__Icowcode_698_g legis__Icowcode_702_g legis__Icowcode_703_g legis__Icowcode_705_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_790_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_840_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g Reclassified as exog: legis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- Variable | StdIV GenInst GenExtInst -------------+--------------------------------------------- legis | -.2743 -.05745 -.05745 | .107 .0183 .0183 gdp | .05097 .03318 .03318 | .0162 .0138 .0138 pop | .02014 -.008772 -.008772 | .0417 .0291 .0291 gtime | .04587 .01037 .01037 | .0217 .00868 .00868 oil | .01325 .002835 .002835 | .00639 .0038 .0038 -------------+--------------------------------------------- N | 1738 1738 1738 rmse | .128 .117 .117 j | 0 35.6 35.7 jdf | 0 118 119 jp | 1 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- legend: b/se Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Icowcode_55 _Icowcode_95 _Icowcode_101 _Icowcode_110 _Icowcode_115 _Icowcode_160 _Icowcode_230 _Icowcode_235 _Icowcode_265 _Icowcode_315 _Icowcode_341 _Icowcode_345 _Icowcode_346 _Icowcode_352 _Icowcode_359 _Icowcode_370 _Icowcode_371 _Icowcode_372 _Icowcode_373 _Icowcode_402 _Icowcode_403 _Icowcode_411 _Icowcode_439 _Icowcode_452 _Icowcode_461 _Icowcode_484 _Icowcode_490 _Icowcode_500 _Icowcode_520 _Icowcode_522 _Icowcode_553 _Icowcode_565 _Icowcode_571 _Icowcode_572 _Icowcode_581 _Icowcode_591 _Icowcode_600 _Icowcode_620 _Icowcode_660 _Icowcode_663 _Icowcode_670 _Icowcode_678 _Icowcode_680 _Icowcode_690 _Icowcode_692 _Icowcode_694 _Icowcode_696 _Icowcode_698 _Icowcode_702 _Icowcode_703 _Icowcode_705 _Icowcode_710 _Icowcode_713 _Icowcode_731 _Icowcode_760 _Icowcode_775 _Icowcode_781 _Icowcode_790 _Icowcode_816 _Icowcode_817 _Icowcode_835 _Icowcode_840 _Icowcode_950 _Icowcode_955 _Icowcode_990 _Iyear_2006 p legis__Icowcode_55_g legis__Icowcode_95_g legis__Icowcode_101_g legis__Icowcode_110_g legis__Icowcode_115_g legis__Icowcode_160_g legis__Icowcode_230_g legis__Icowcode_235_g legis__Icowcode_265_g legis__Icowcode_315_g legis__Icowcode_341_g legis__Icowcode_345_g legis__Icowcode_346_g legis__Icowcode_352_g legis__Icowcode_359_g legis__Icowcode_365_g legis__Icowcode_370_g legis__Icowcode_371_g legis__Icowcode_372_g legis__Icowcode_373_g legis__Icowcode_402_g legis__Icowcode_403_g legis__Icowcode_411_g legis__Icowcode_435_g legis__Icowcode_439_g legis__Icowcode_452_g legis__Icowcode_461_g legis__Icowcode_484_g legis__Icowcode_490_g legis__Icowcode_500_g legis__Icowcode_520_g legis__Icowcode_522_g legis__Icowcode_553_g legis__Icowcode_565_g legis__Icowcode_571_g legis__Icowcode_572_g legis__Icowcode_581_g legis__Icowcode_591_g legis__Icowcode_600_g legis__Icowcode_620_g legis__Icowcode_625_g legis__Icowcode_660_g legis__Icowcode_663_g legis__Icowcode_670_g legis__Icowcode_678_g legis__Icowcode_680_g legis__Icowcode_690_g legis__Icowcode_692_g legis__Icowcode_694_g legis__Icowcode_696_g legis__Icowcode_698_g legis__Icowcode_702_g legis__Icowcode_703_g legis__Icowcode_705_g legis__Icowcode_710_g legis__Icowcode_713_g legis__Icowcode_731_g legis__Icowcode_760_g legis__Icowcode_775_g legis__Icowcode_781_g legis__Icowcode_790_g legis__Icowcode_816_g legis__Icowcode_817_g legis__Icowcode_835_g legis__Icowcode_840_g legis__Icowcode_950_g legis__Icowcode_955_g legis__Icowcode_990_g legis__Iyear_2006_g legis_p_g . . *All expropriations, not just oil expropriations . * Merge data * . do clean_hajzler . . /* data from Chris Hajzler via email correspondence on May 16, 2014 */ . use hajzler_original, clear . replace year = "" if year==".." (1 real change made) . destring year, replace year has all characters numeric; replaced as int (4 missing values generated) . sort country year . tab sector sector | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- AGR | 75 11.23 11.23 BANK | 45 6.74 17.96 COM | 17 2.54 20.51 CONS | 8 1.20 21.71 CONST | 5 0.75 22.46 INS | 24 3.59 26.05 MEDA | 3 0.45 26.50 MEG | 3 0.45 26.95 MFG | 165 24.70 51.65 MIN | 80 11.98 63.62 PET | 119 17.81 81.44 SVC | 22 3.29 84.73 TOURISM | 2 0.30 85.03 TRAD | 30 4.49 89.52 TRAN | 23 3.44 92.96 TRANS | 3 0.45 93.41 UITL | 1 0.15 93.56 UTIL | 43 6.44 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 668 100.00 . gen cntry=substr(country, 1, 1)+ lower(substr(country, 2, .)) . replace cntry ="UAE" if cntry =="Dubai" | cntry == "Abudhabi" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Sri Lanka" if cntry =="Srilanka" | cntry == "Sri lanka" (12 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Afghanistan" if cntry =="Afganistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Antigua and Barbuda" if cntry =="Antgua and barbuda" | cntry =="Antigua" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Bangladesh" if cntry =="Banglase8h" | cntry == "Banglasesh" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cameroon" if cntry =="Camaroon" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Cambodia" if cntry =="Camboida" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Central African Republic" if cntry =="Car" cntry was str19 now str24 (6 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Congo, Dem. Rep." if cntry =="Congo, dem. rep" (4 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Congo" if cntry =="Congopr" (13 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Costa Rica" if cntry =="Costa rica" (7 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cote d'Ivoire" if cntry =="Cote d'ivoire" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Dominican Republic" if cntry =="Domican republic" | cntry == "Dominican republ > ic" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="El Salvador" if cntry =="El salvador" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Madagascar" if cntry =="Malagasay" (15 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Philippines" if cntry =="Philippine" (3 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Cambodia" if cntry =="Camboida" (0 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Romania" if cntry =="Romainia" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Saudi Arabia" if cntry =="Sarabia" (2 real changes made) . replace cntry ="Sierra Leone" if cntry =="Sierral" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Somalia" if cntry =="Somolia" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="South Africa" if cntry =="South africa" (1 real change made) . replace cntry ="Trinidad and Tobago" if cntry =="Trinidad" | cntry == "Trinidad and tobago" (9 real changes made) . drop country . rename cntry country . gen cowcode =. (671 missing values generated) . do cowcodes . ***some of these are incorrect but some are included only in this top list and not in the bott > om list . *replace cowcode= 700 if country=="Afghanistan" . replace cowcode= 339 if country=="Albania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 615 if country=="Algeria" (36 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 232 if country=="Andorra" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 540 if country=="Angola" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua and Barbuda" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua & Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 160 if country=="Argentina" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 371 if country=="Armenia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 900 if country=="Australia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 305 if country=="Austria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 373 if country=="Azerbaijan" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 692 if country=="Bahrain" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 771 if country=="Bangladesh" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 53 if country=="Barbados" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Belarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Byelarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium-Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 80 if country=="Belize" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 434 if country=="Benin" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 760 if country=="Bhutan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 145 if country=="Bolivia" (8 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia and Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia & Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia-Hercegovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 571 if country=="Botswana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 140 if country=="Brazil" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei Darussalam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 355 if country=="Bulgaria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 439 if country=="Burkina Faso" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 516 if country=="Burundi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 811 if country=="Cambodia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 471 if country=="Cameroon" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 20 if country=="Canada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cen African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Republic" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="C.African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 483 if country=="Chad" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 155 if country=="Chile" (31 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China P Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China, P. R." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 100 if country=="Colombia" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoros" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brz" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo 'Brazzaville'" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "DR Congo (Zaire)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Dem. Rep." (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Zaire (Congo Kinshasa)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Democratic Republic of the Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Congo/Zaire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire/Congo Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costa Rica" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costarica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d'Ivoire" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d`Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Côte d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="C™te dÕIvoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 344 if country=="Croatia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 40 if country=="Cuba" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Turk Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czechrep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czechoslovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czech Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 390 if country=="Denmark" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 522 if country=="Djibouti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 54 if country=="Dominica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Republic" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 130 if country=="Ecuador" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt, Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 92 if country=="El Salvador" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 411 if country=="Equatorial Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 531 if country=="Eritrea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 366 if country=="Estonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia" (26 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 950 if country=="Fiji" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 375 if country=="Finland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 220 if country=="France" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 481 if country=="Gabon" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 372 if country=="Georgia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 255 if country=="Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="GDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany (GDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="West Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germanyfed. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany (FRG)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany Fed Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 452 if country=="Ghana" (16 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 350 if country=="Greece" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Grenada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Greneda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 90 if country=="Guatemala" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea " (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bisau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 110 if country=="Guyana" (8 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 41 if country=="Haiti" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 91 if country=="Honduras" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 310 if country=="Hungary" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 395 if country=="Iceland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 750 if country=="India" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia" (19 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia (including Timor until 1999)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran (Islamic Republic of)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran Islam Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 645 if country=="Iraq" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 205 if country=="Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 666 if country=="Israel" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 325 if country=="Italy" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Ivory Coast" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 51 if country=="Jamaica" (7 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 740 if country=="Japan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 663 if country=="Jordan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakhstan" (6 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya (1)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 946 if country=="Kiribati" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="N. Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="North Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea DPR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Repu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea Dem P Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, S." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="South Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Republic of Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 690 if country=="Kuwait" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyz Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyzstan" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgystan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Laos" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao People's Democratic Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao P Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 367 if country=="Latvia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 660 if country=="Lebanon" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 570 if country=="Lesotho" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 450 if country=="Liberia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libya" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamah" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 223 if country=="Liechtenstein" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 368 if country=="Lithuania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxemburg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, FYR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia FRY" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 580 if country=="Madagascar" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 553 if country=="Malawi" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 820 if country=="Malaysia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldives" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 432 if country=="Mali" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 338 if country=="Malta" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 435 if country=="Mauritania" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 590 if country=="Mauritius" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 70 if country=="Mexico" (14 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia Fed States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Fed. States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Federated States of Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Fed. Sts." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Republic of Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 221 if country=="Monaco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 712 if country=="Mongolia" (1 real change made) . *replace cowcode= 341 if country=="Montenegro" . replace cowcode= 600 if country=="Morocco" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 541 if country=="Mozambique" (17 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma" (9 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 565 if country=="Namibia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 970 if country=="Nauru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 790 if country=="Nepal" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Netherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Nertherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zealand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zeland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 93 if country=="Nicaragua" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 436 if country=="Niger" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 475 if country=="Nigeria" (10 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 385 if country=="Norway" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 698 if country=="Oman" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 770 if country=="Pakistan" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 986 if country=="Palau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 95 if country=="Panama" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua New Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua N.G." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 150 if country=="Paraguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 135 if country=="Peru" (31 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 840 if country=="Philippines" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Poland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Polan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 235 if country=="Portugal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 694 if country=="Qatar" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 360 if country=="Romania" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russia" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russian Federation" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 517 if country=="Rwanda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Western Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 331 if country=="San Marino" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome and Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome & Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 670 if country=="Saudi Arabia" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 433 if country=="Senegal" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Mont." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia and Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . *replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia/Montenegro/Kosovo" /*maddison fixed in cleanMad.do* > / . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelles" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelle" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 451 if country=="Sierra Leone" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 830 if country=="Singapore" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 349 if country=="Slovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somalia" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Is" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 560 if country=="South Africa" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="South Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Soviet Union" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 230 if country=="Spain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 780 if country=="Sri Lanka" (12 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts & Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St. Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St. Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="Saint Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and The Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St. Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St. Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 625 if country=="Sudan" (13 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 115 if country=="Suriname" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 572 if country=="Swaziland" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweeden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 225 if country=="Switzerland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syria" (4 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan (China)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan, Province of China" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 702 if country=="Tajikistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania" (28 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania, United Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania Uni Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="United Republic of Tanzania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 800 if country=="Thailand" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 711 if country=="Tibet" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor-Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor (included in Indonesia until 1999)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 461 if country=="Togo" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 955 if country=="Tonga" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad and Tobago" (9 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad & Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Tirinidad and Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 616 if country=="Tunisia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 640 if country=="Turkey" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 701 if country=="Turkmenistan" (1 real change made) . replace cowcode= 947 if country=="Tuvalu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="UAE" (3 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="U. Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 500 if country=="Uganda" (15 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 369 if country=="Ukraine" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="Uk" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="UK" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="Usa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="USA" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States of America" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 165 if country=="Uruguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="USSR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 704 if country=="Uzbekistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 935 if country=="Vanuatu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela" (19 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, RB" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Viet Nam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen Peop. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen P Dem Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen" (5 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia (former)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia, FR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 551 if country=="Zambia" (21 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 511 if country=="Zanzibar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 552 if country=="Zimbabwe" (10 real changes made) . . . . ***These below are all correct*** . replace cowcode= 700 if country=="Afghanistan" (2 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 339 if country=="Albania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 615 if country=="Algeria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 232 if country=="Andorra" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 540 if country=="Angola" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua and Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 58 if country=="Antigua & Barbuda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 160 if country=="Argentina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 371 if country=="Armenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 900 if country=="Australia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 305 if country=="Austria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 373 if country=="Azerbaijan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 31 if country=="Bahamas, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 692 if country=="Bahrain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 771 if country=="Bangladesh" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 53 if country=="Barbados" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 370 if country=="Belarus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 211 if country=="Belgium-Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 80 if country=="Belize" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 434 if country=="Benin" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 760 if country=="Bhutan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 145 if country=="Bolivia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia and Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia & Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 346 if country=="Bosnia-Herzegovina" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 571 if country=="Botswana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 140 if country=="Brazil" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 835 if country=="Brunei Darussalam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 355 if country=="Bulgaria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 439 if country=="Burkina Faso" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 516 if country=="Burundi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 811 if country=="Cambodia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 471 if country=="Cameroon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 20 if country=="Canada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 402 if country=="Cape Verde Island" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cen African Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Central African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 483 if country=="Chad" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 155 if country=="Chile" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 710 if country=="China" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 100 if country=="Colombia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoros" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Is." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode = 581 if country == "Comoro Island" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brz" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo 'Brazzaville'" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo Brazzaville" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, Democratic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo, the Democratic Republic of the" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Congo Kinshasa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country== "Congo, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Congo/Zaire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="Zaire (Congo Kinshasa)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costa Rica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 94 if country=="Costarica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d`Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Côte d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode=437 if country=="C™te d'Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 344 if country=="Croatia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 40 if country=="Cuba" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 352 if country=="Turk Cyprus" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czech Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 316 if country=="Czechrep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 315 if country=="Czechoslovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 390 if country=="Denmark" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 522 if country=="Djibouti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 54 if country=="Dominica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 42 if country=="Dominican Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 130 if country=="Ecuador" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 651 if country=="Egypt, Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 92 if country=="El Salvador" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 411 if country=="Equatorial Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 531 if country=="Eritrea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 366 if country=="Estonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 530 if country=="Ethiopia PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 950 if country=="Fiji" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 375 if country=="Finland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 220 if country=="France" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 481 if country=="Gabon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 420 if country=="Gambia, The" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 372 if country=="Georgia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 255 if country=="Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="Germany East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="GDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="German DR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germany West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="Germanyfed. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 452 if country=="Ghana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 350 if country=="Greece" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 55 if country=="Grenada" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 90 if country=="Guatemala" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 438 if country=="Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 404 if country=="Guinea-Bissau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 110 if country=="Guyana" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 41 if country=="Haiti" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 91 if country=="Honduras" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 310 if country=="Hungary" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 395 if country=="Iceland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 750 if country=="India" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 850 if country=="Indonesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 630 if country=="Iran, Islamic Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 645 if country=="Iraq" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 205 if country=="Ireland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 666 if country=="Israel" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 325 if country=="Italy" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Ivory Coast" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 51 if country=="Jamaica" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 740 if country=="Japan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 663 if country=="Jordan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 705 if country=="Kazakhstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 501 if country=="Kenya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 946 if country=="Kiribati" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="N. Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="North Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea DPR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 731 if country=="Korea, Dem. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, S." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="South Korea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea Rep" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 732 if country=="Korea, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 690 if country=="Kuwait" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyz Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgyzstan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 703 if country=="Kyrgystan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Laos" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao PDR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 812 if country=="Lao People's Democratic Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 367 if country=="Latvia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 660 if country=="Lebanon" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 570 if country=="Lesotho" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 450 if country=="Liberia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 620 if country=="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 223 if country=="Liechtenstein" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 368 if country=="Lithuania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 212 if country=="Luxembourg" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, FYR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 580 if country=="Madagascar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 553 if country=="Malawi" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 820 if country=="Malaysia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldives" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 781 if country=="Maldive Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 432 if country=="Mali" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 338 if country=="Malta" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 983 if country=="Marshall Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 435 if country=="Mauritania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 590 if country=="Mauritius" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 70 if country=="Mexico" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Federated States of Micronesia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 987 if country=="Micronesia, Federated States of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 359 if country=="Moldova" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 221 if country=="Monaco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 712 if country=="Mongolia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 600 if country=="Morocco" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 541 if country=="Mozambique" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 565 if country=="Namibia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 970 if country=="Nauru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 790 if country=="Nepal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 210 if country=="Netherlands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 920 if country=="New Zealand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 93 if country=="Nicaragua" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 436 if country=="Niger" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 475 if country=="Nigeria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 385 if country=="Norway" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 698 if country=="Oman" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 770 if country=="Pakistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 986 if country=="Palau" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 95 if country=="Panama" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua New Guinea" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 910 if country=="Papua N.G." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 150 if country=="Paraguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 135 if country=="Peru" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 840 if country=="Philippines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 290 if country=="Poland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 235 if country=="Portugal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 694 if country=="Qatar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 360 if country=="Romania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Russian Federation" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 517 if country=="Rwanda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 990 if country=="Samoa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 331 if country=="San Marino" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome and Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 403 if country=="Sao Tome & Principe" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 670 if country=="Saudi Arabia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 433 if country=="Senegal" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia & Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia and Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 591 if country=="Seychelles" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 451 if country=="Sierra Leone" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 830 if country=="Singapore" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovakia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 317 if country=="Slovak Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 349 if country=="Slovenia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somalia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 520 if country=="Somaliland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 940 if country=="Solomon Islands" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 560 if country=="South Africa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="South Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="Vietnam South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="Soviet Union" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 230 if country=="Spain" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 780 if country=="Sri Lanka" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts & Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="St. Kitts-Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 60 if country=="Saint Kitts and Nevis" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="St Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 56 if country=="Saint Lucia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent and the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St.Vincent & Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="Saint Vincent and Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 57 if country=="St Vincent & the Grenadines" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 625 if country=="Sudan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 115 if country=="Suriname" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 572 if country=="Swaziland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 380 if country=="Sweden" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 225 if country=="Switzerland" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syria" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 652 if country=="Syrian Arab Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 713 if country=="Taiwan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 702 if country=="Tajikistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 510 if country=="Tanzania, United Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 800 if country=="Thailand" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 711 if country=="Tibet" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor-Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="Timor Leste" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 461 if country=="Togo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 955 if country=="Tonga" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad and Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 52 if country=="Trinidad & Tobago" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 616 if country=="Tunisia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 640 if country=="Turkey" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 701 if country=="Turkmenistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 947 if country=="Tuvalu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="UAE" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="U. Arab Emirates" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 500 if country=="Uganda" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 369 if country=="Ukraine" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="Uk" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 200 if country=="United Kingdom" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="Usa" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="USA" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 2 if country=="United States of America" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 165 if country=="Uruguay" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 365 if country=="USSR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 704 if country=="Uzbekistan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 935 if country=="Vanuatu" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 101 if country=="Venezuela, RB" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Vietnam North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Viet Nam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen, (PDR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen Peop. Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="South Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 680 if country=="Yemen South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, (AR)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen Arab Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Republic of" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen, Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Yugoslavia, FR" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 551 if country=="Zambia" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 511 if country=="Zanzibar" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 552 if country=="Zimbabwe" (0 real changes made) . . *for CSP coups . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Burma (Myanmar)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="DRCongo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country=="D. R. Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 678 if country=="North Yemen" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 484 if country=="Congo-Brazzaville" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 482 if country=="Cent. African Rep." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 696 if country=="United Arab Em." (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor" (0 real changes made) . . *for NELDA . . replace cowcode= 260 if country=="German Federal Republic" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 265 if country=="East Germany" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 343 if country=="Macedonia (FYROM)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 345 if country=="Serbia (Yugoslavia)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 437 if country=="Cote d’Ivoire" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 490 if country== "Democratic Republic of Congo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 775 if country=="Myanmar (Burma)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 816 if country=="Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 817 if country=="Republic of Vietnam" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode= 860 if country=="East Timor" (0 real changes made) . . . . *Banks 2011* . replace cowcode =816 if country=="Vietnam, North" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =530 if country=="Ethiopia(1993-)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =265 if country=="Germany, East" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =260 if country=="Germany, West" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =347 if country=="Kosovo" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =341 if country=="Montenegro" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =770 if country=="Pakistan(1972-)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =770 if country=="Pakistan(1947-1971)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =817 if country=="Vietnam, South" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =626 if country=="South Sudan" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =52 if country=="Trinidad" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =365 if country=="USSR(Soviet Union)" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =345 if country=="Yugoslavia, Former" (0 real changes made) . replace cowcode =490 if country=="Congo-Kinshasa" (0 real changes made) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of do-file . gen x = 1 if sector =="PET" (552 missing values generated) . gen a = 1 . egen allexp= sum(a), by(cow year) . egen oilexp = sum(x), by(cow year) . egen tag = tag(cow year) . keep if tag==1 (317 observations deleted) . drop tag x a . sum Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- year | 354 1977.116 13.72063 1900 2006 source | 0 sector | 0 legal | 29 .4482759 .5061202 0 1 country | 0 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- cowcode | 354 446.5254 253.3816 41 850 allexp | 354 1.884181 2.234326 1 25 oilexp | 354 .3361582 .5295708 0 3 . sort cow year . save expropriations, replace (note: file expropriations.dta not found) file expropriations.dta saved . end of do-file . use ATH, clear . merge cow year using expropriations (note: you are using old merge syntax; see [D] merge for new syntax) . tab _merge _merge | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 5,392 93.84 93.84 2 | 71 1.24 95.07 3 | 283 4.93 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 5,746 100.00 . drop if _merge==2 (71 observations deleted) . . * Clean data * . gen take = _merge==3 if year>=1960 & year<=2006 (1008 missing values generated) . gen oilany = oilexp>0 & _merge==3 > /* Binary indicator of oil exproriation in a given year */ . gen takeany = allexp>0 & _merge==3 . drop _merge . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1946 to 2010, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen p = geddes_regime == "personal" | geddes_regime == "personalist" | > geddes_regime == "monarchy" /* code Gabon as personalist instead of party */ . gen pop = ln(l.pwt_pop*1000) (1132 missing values generated) . gen gdp = l.pwt_lgdp (1708 missing values generated) . gen oil = l.ross_loil (1366 missing values generated) . gen legis = cg_glegis>1 if cg_glegis~=. /* elected legislature */ (298 missing values generated) . gen gtime = ln(1+geddes_duration) (1088 missing values generated) . gen gtime2 = gtime^2 (1088 missing values generated) . gen time = year-1959 . gen time2 = time^2 . *Inherit* . bysort cg_ehead cg_country: egen min = min(year) . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1946 to 2010, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . gen x = l.cg_ginst if min==year (5244 missing values generated) . replace x = cg_gleg if min==year & x==. & year<1960 (59 real changes made) . replace x=l.cg_gleg if year==min + 1 & geddes_duration > ==1 & x==. /* prior year institutions if first year of regime and first year of leader */ (101 real changes made) . replace x=2 if geddes_duration==1 & x==. & geddes_pri > or=="democracy" /* prior democracy if first year of regime */ (29 real changes made) . bysort cg_eleadercode: egen inherit = max(x) (350 missing values generated) . replace inherit =0 if geddes_country=="Oman" & min==19 > 70 /* first leader of Oman */ (39 real changes made) . recode inherit (0=0) (1=0) (2=1) > /* recode so inherit is ELECTED legislature */ (inherit: 3664 changes made) . sum inherit cg_ginst if geddes_duration~=. Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- inherit | 4554 .5204216 .4996376 0 1 cg_ginstit~s | 4382 1.124829 .8122997 0 2 . keep if year>=1960 & year<=2006 (1008 observations deleted) . global c = "gdp pop gtime oil" . *Expropriation across time* . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . egen takeyr = sum(allexp) if e(sample), by(year) (104 missing values generated) . egen oilyr= sum(oilexp) if e(sample), by(year) (104 missing values generated) . tsset cow year panel variable: cowcode (unbalanced) time variable: year, 1960 to 2006, but with gaps delta: 1 unit . twoway (bar takeyr year if cow==437) (line oilyr year if cow== > 437, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)), xscale(range(1960 2006)) /* > */ xlabel(1960 (5) 2005) ylabel(0 (10) 60) xtitle("Year") ytit > le("Total expropriations", /* > */ axis(1)) legend(label(1 "All expropriations") label(2 "Pet > roleum sector only") pos(1) col(1) ring(0)) . . *All expropriations . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=., r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0582977 .0167189 -3.49 0.000 -.0910806 -.0255148 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . tab take if e(sample) take | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 2,679 92.83 92.83 1 | 207 7.17 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 2,886 100.00 . tab take if e(sample) & year>1989 take | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 0 | 938 96.40 96.40 1 | 35 3.60 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 973 100.00 . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0109264 .0245043 -0.45 0.656 -.0590098 .037157 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0906414 .0263027 -3.45 0.001 -.1422325 -.0390503 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . global c = "gdp pop gtime oil time time2" . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c p legis, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . gen s = e(sample) . local vars = "gdp pop gtime oil p legis" . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen cm_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1, by(cow) 3. } (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) . local vars = "gdp pop gtime oil p legis" . foreach m of local vars { 2. egen ym_`m' =mean(`m') if s==1, by(year) 3. } (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) (1781 missing values generated) . xi: krls take p legis $c cm_* , graph Iteration = 1, Looloss: 739.1621 Iteration = 2, Looloss: 736.3957 Iteration = 3, Looloss: 732.5883 Iteration = 4, Looloss: 727.689 Iteration = 5, Looloss: 721.8509 Iteration = 6, Looloss: 715.3778 Iteration = 7, Looloss: 708.5408 Iteration = 8, Looloss: 701.4442 Iteration = 9, Looloss: 694.089 Iteration = 10, Looloss: 686.5268 Iteration = 11, Looloss: 678.9331 Iteration = 12, Looloss: 671.5972 Iteration = 13, Looloss: 664.888 Iteration = 14, Looloss: 659.1734 Iteration = 15, Looloss: 654.689 Iteration = 16, Looloss: 651.452 Iteration = 17, Looloss: 649.2843 Iteration = 18, Looloss: 647.915 Pointwise Derivatives Number of obs = 2886 Lambda = 1.226 Tolerance = 2.886 Sigma = 14 Eff. df = 151.3 R2 = .2345 Looloss = 646.6 take | Avg. SE t P>|t| P25 P50 P75 ----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- *p | -.017136 .021521 -0.796 0.426 -.041213 -.016425 .007664 *legis | -.047234 .019994 -2.362 0.018 -.084075 -.039422 -.00618 gdp | .049002 .011668 4.200 0.000 .013373 .049448 .083235 pop | -.009704 .007074 -1.372 0.170 -.022191 -.00922 .003177 gtime | -.013362 .007422 -1.800 0.072 -.034568 -.008552 .015186 oil | -.005329 .003864 -1.379 0.168 -.011538 -.006077 .000181 time | -.000062 .000449 -0.138 0.891 -.001836 .000066 .001914 time2 | -.000049 6.3e-06 -7.667 0.000 -.000107 -.000062 -3.6e-07 cm_gdp | -.040406 .012114 -3.335 0.001 -.070829 -.032912 -.00299 cm_pop | .024957 .007296 3.421 0.001 .008917 .025647 .039068 cm_gtime | -.005106 .01177 -0.434 0.664 -.030061 -.009623 .018547 cm_oil | .007891 .00412 1.915 0.056 -.00493 .00597 .016775 cm_p | .039913 .018968 2.104 0.035 -.008238 .030464 .075949 cm_legis | .027444 .025918 1.059 0.290 -.035167 .017856 .099797 ----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- * average dy/dx is the first difference using the min and max (i.e. usually 0 to 1)(bin=34, star > t=-.27263613, width=.01055418) (bin=34, start=-.27263613, width=.01055418) (bin=34, start=-.10198579, width=.00826176) (bin=34, start=-.0786848, width=.0037372) (bin=34, start=-.18279912, width=.0084528) (bin=34, start=-.04997464, width=.00292193) (bin=34, start=-.01376796, width=.00079438) (bin=34, start=-.00022158, width=.00001535) (bin=34, start=-.18929592, width=.00946858) (bin=34, start=-.04443619, width=.00416347) (bin=34, start=-.09771296, width=.00620198) (bin=34, start=-.0219566, width=.00270289) (bin=34, start=-.10884459, width=.01310764) (bin=34, start=-.43060984, width=.0215725) . reg d_legis p $c cm_* legis Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 2886 -------------+------------------------------ F( 14, 2871) = 80.85 Model | 2.55327958 14 .182377113 Prob > F = 0.0000 Residual | 6.47654311 2871 .002255849 R-squared = 0.2828 -------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.2793 Total | 9.0298227 2885 .003129921 Root MSE = .0475 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ d_legis | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | .0481635 .0037016 13.01 0.000 .0409055 .0554214 gdp | .002464 .0037297 0.66 0.509 -.0048491 .0097771 pop | -.0111106 .0056867 -1.95 0.051 -.0222611 .0000399 gtime | -.0081651 .0016624 -4.91 0.000 -.0114247 -.0049054 oil | -.0002789 .0012081 -0.23 0.817 -.0026478 .0020899 time | .0035008 .0003622 9.66 0.000 .0027905 .0042111 time2 | -.00006 6.50e-06 -9.24 0.000 -.0000727 -.0000473 cm_gdp | .017101 .0039846 4.29 0.000 .0092882 .0249139 cm_pop | .0033727 .0058103 0.58 0.562 -.0080201 .0147654 cm_gtime | -.0040053 .0022231 -1.80 0.072 -.0083643 .0003537 cm_oil | -.0063729 .0012949 -4.92 0.000 -.0089119 -.003834 cm_p | -.0159318 .0043052 -3.70 0.000 -.0243734 -.0074902 cm_legis | -.0038784 .0041786 -0.93 0.353 -.0120717 .0043149 legis | -.0029822 .0029608 -1.01 0.314 -.0087878 .0028234 _cons | -.0829982 .0185311 -4.48 0.000 -.1193337 -.0466626 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . ttest d_leg , by(p) Two-sample t test with equal variances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 | 1738 -.0629632 .0012556 .052346 -.0654259 -.0605006 1 | 1148 -.0234206 .0015563 .0527306 -.0264741 -.0203671 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- combined | 2886 -.0472339 .0010414 .0559457 -.0492758 -.0451919 ---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- diff | -.0395427 .0019967 -.0434577 -.0356276 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = -19.8043 Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 2884 Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . qui sum d_legis if p==1 . local p = r(mean) . qui sum d_legis if p==0 . local np = r(mean) . lowess d_legis year if p==0, mcolor(gs10) ytitle(" ") xtitle( > "Year") yline(0, lcolor(black)) xlabel(1960 (5) 2005) ylabel(-.3 (.1) .1) yline(`np', lcolor( > blue) lpattern(dash)) saving(NP) title("Non-personalist") bwidth(.6) lineopts(lcolor(red)) (file NP.gph saved) . lowess d_legis year if p==1, mcolor(gs10) ytitle("Pointwise ma > rginal effect") xtitle("Year") xlabel(1960 (5) 2005) yline(0, lcolor(black)) ylabel(-.3 (.1) > .1) yline(`p', lcolor(blue) lpattern(dash)) saving(P) title("Personalist") bwidth(.6) lineop > ts(lcolor(red)) (file P.gph saved) . gr combine P.gph NP.gph , col(2) ysize(3) xsize(6) . erase P.gph . erase NP.gph . . *2SLS* . gen pXinherit = p*inherit (293 missing values generated) . gen pXlegis = p*legis (104 missing values generated) . * no oil * . xi: xtivreg2 take i.year i.p*gdp i.p*pop i.p*gtime (legis = inherit), > fe partial(i.year) r ffirst i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*gdp _IpXgdp_# (coded as above) i.p*pop _IpXpop_# (coded as above) i.p*gtime _IpXgtime_# (coded as above) Warning - duplicate variables detected Duplicates: _Ip_1 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 99 Obs per group: min = 5 avg = 29.8 max = 47 Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 1, 2795) P-value legis | 0.0402 | 0.0402 | 83.53 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=78.50 P-val=0.0000 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=85.14 P-val=0.0000 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 83.53 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(1,2795)=9.61 P-val=0.0020 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(1)=9.80 P-val=0.0017 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(1)=9.59 P-val=0.0020 NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 2948 Number of regressors K = 8 Number of instruments L = 8 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 1 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 46 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2948 F( 8, 2795) = 4.74 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 161.9878124 Centered R2 = -0.0435 Total (uncentered) SS = 161.9878124 Uncentered R2 = -0.0435 Residual SS = 169.0346625 Root MSE = .2436 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.2652468 .0881484 -3.01 0.003 -.4380145 -.0924791 _Ip_1 | -.1567605 .3456648 -0.45 0.650 -.8342511 .5207301 gdp | .1007673 .0247199 4.08 0.000 .0523171 .1492176 _IpXgdp_1 | -.0680821 .0268469 -2.54 0.011 -.1207011 -.0154632 pop | -.1572032 .0679896 -2.31 0.021 -.2904604 -.0239461 _IpXpop_1 | .0383921 .0233628 1.64 0.100 -.0073981 .0841823 gtime | .0145869 .0209689 0.70 0.487 -.0265113 .0556851 _IpXgtime_1 | .0191213 .0188962 1.01 0.312 -.0179146 .0561572 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 78.501 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 83.530 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: _Ip_1 gdp _IpXgdp_1 pop _IpXpop_1 gtime _IpXgtime_1 Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Iyear_2006 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Duplicates: _Ip_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store allIV1 . xi: xtivreg2 take i.year i.p*gdp i.p*pop i.p*gtime (legis pXlegis= inh > erit pXinherit), fe partial(i.year) r ffirst i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*gdp _IpXgdp_# (coded as above) i.p*pop _IpXpop_# (coded as above) i.p*gtime _IpXgtime_# (coded as above) Warning - duplicate variables detected Duplicates: _Ip_1 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 99 Obs per group: min = 5 avg = 29.8 max = 47 Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 2794) P-value legis | 0.0334 | 0.0483 | 47.49 0.0000 pXlegis | 0.0366 | 0.0528 | 31.57 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=40.17 P-val=0.0000 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=42.01 P-val=0.0000 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 20.60 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,2794)=4.81 P-val=0.0082 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=9.81 P-val=0.0074 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=9.61 P-val=0.0082 NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 2948 Number of regressors K = 9 Number of instruments L = 9 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 46 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2948 F( 9, 2794) = 4.27 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 161.9878124 Centered R2 = -0.0399 Total (uncentered) SS = 161.9878124 Uncentered R2 = -0.0399 Residual SS = 168.4478945 Root MSE = .2432 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.3669384 .1386455 -2.65 0.008 -.6386786 -.0951983 pXlegis | .2482454 .1695692 1.46 0.143 -.0841041 .5805949 _Ip_1 | -.4158537 .4147344 -1.00 0.316 -1.228718 .3970108 gdp | .1011845 .0248636 4.07 0.000 .0524527 .1499164 _IpXgdp_1 | -.0811444 .0277564 -2.92 0.003 -.135546 -.0267429 pop | -.1563088 .0653795 -2.39 0.017 -.2844502 -.0281674 _IpXpop_1 | .0584368 .0289236 2.02 0.043 .0017476 .115126 gtime | .0346803 .030059 1.15 0.249 -.0242344 .0935949 _IpXgtime_1 | -.0390971 .0419327 -0.93 0.351 -.1212836 .0430895 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 40.172 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 20.598 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis pXlegis Included instruments: _Ip_1 gdp _IpXgdp_1 pop _IpXpop_1 gtime _IpXgtime_1 Excluded instruments: inherit pXinherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 _Iyear_2006 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Duplicates: _Ip_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store allIV2 . lincom legis + pXlegis ( 1) legis + pXlegis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.118693 .093915 -1.26 0.206 -.3027631 .065377 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . * yes oil * . xi: xtivreg2 take i.year i.p*gdp i.p*pop i.p*gtime i.p*oil (legis = in > herit), fe partial(i.year) r ffirst i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*gdp _IpXgdp_# (coded as above) i.p*pop _IpXpop_# (coded as above) i.p*gtime _IpXgtime_# (coded as above) i.p*oil _IpXoil_# (coded as above) Warning - duplicate variables detected Duplicates: _Ip_1 Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 98 Obs per group: min = 4 avg = 29.4 max = 46 Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 1, 2733) P-value legis | 0.0354 | 0.0354 | 72.31 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=67.44 P-val=0.0000 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=73.76 P-val=0.0000 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 72.31 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(1,2733)=9.45 P-val=0.0021 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(1)=9.64 P-val=0.0019 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(1)=9.43 P-val=0.0021 NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 2886 Number of regressors K = 10 Number of instruments L = 10 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 1 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 45 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2886 F( 10, 2733) = 4.21 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 160.3857911 Centered R2 = -0.0533 Total (uncentered) SS = 160.3857911 Uncentered R2 = -0.0533 Residual SS = 168.9319076 Root MSE = .2462 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.2832263 .0960077 -2.95 0.003 -.4713979 -.0950547 _Ip_1 | .4275147 .3883868 1.10 0.271 -.3337094 1.188739 gdp | .1280896 .0282497 4.53 0.000 .0727211 .183458 _IpXgdp_1 | -.1160964 .0311679 -3.72 0.000 -.1771842 -.0550085 pop | -.1448372 .0684713 -2.12 0.034 -.2790385 -.010636 _IpXpop_1 | .021317 .0241668 0.88 0.378 -.0260491 .0686831 gtime | .0153412 .0217948 0.70 0.482 -.0273759 .0580582 _IpXgtime_1 | .0236217 .0194558 1.21 0.225 -.0145109 .0617543 oil | -.0072248 .0089853 -0.80 0.421 -.0248357 .010386 _IpXoil_1 | .0275901 .0114976 2.40 0.016 .0050552 .050125 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 67.439 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 72.306 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38 15% maximal IV size 8.96 20% maximal IV size 6.66 25% maximal IV size 5.53 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis Included instruments: _Ip_1 gdp _IpXgdp_1 pop _IpXpop_1 gtime _IpXgtime_1 oil _IpXoil_1 Excluded instruments: inherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Duplicates: _Ip_1 Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store allIV3 . xi: xtivreg2 take i.year i.p*gdp i.p*pop i.p*gtime i.p*oil (legis pXle > gis= inherit pXinherit), fe partial(i.year) r ffirst i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*gdp _IpXgdp_# (coded as above) i.p*pop _IpXpop_# (coded as above) i.p*gtime _IpXgtime_# (coded as above) i.p*oil _IpXoil_# (coded as above) Warning - duplicate variables detected Duplicates: _Ip_1 Warning - collinearities detected Vars dropped: _Iyear_2006 FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION ------------------------ Number of groups = 98 Obs per group: min = 4 avg = 29.4 max = 46 Summary results for first-stage regressions ------------------------------------------- Variable | Shea Partial R2 | Partial R2 | F( 2, 2732) P-value legis | 0.0297 | 0.0432 | 41.22 0.0000 pXlegis | 0.0332 | 0.0482 | 29.54 0.0000 NB: first-stage F-stat heteroskedasticity-robust Underidentification tests Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified) Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified) Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=35.39 P-val=0.0000 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald statistic Chi-sq(1)=36.90 P-val=0.0000 Weak identification test Ho: equation is weakly identified Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 18.08 See main output for Cragg-Donald weak id test critical values Weak-instrument-robust inference Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation Ho: B1=0 and overidentifying restrictions are valid Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(2,2732)=4.75 P-val=0.0087 Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(2)=9.69 P-val=0.0079 Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(2)=9.48 P-val=0.0087 NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust test statistics heteroskedasticity-robust Number of observations N = 2886 Number of regressors K = 11 Number of instruments L = 11 Number of excluded instruments L1 = 2 Number of partialled-out regressors/IVs = 45 NB: K & L do not included partialled-out variables IV (2SLS) estimation -------------------- Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity Number of obs = 2886 F( 11, 2732) = 3.89 Prob > F = 0.0000 Total (centered) SS = 160.3857911 Centered R2 = -0.0517 Total (uncentered) SS = 160.3857911 Uncentered R2 = -0.0517 Residual SS = 168.6727749 Root MSE = .246 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- legis | -.3968649 .1508486 -2.63 0.009 -.6925228 -.101207 pXlegis | .2806597 .1825358 1.54 0.124 -.0771039 .6384232 _Ip_1 | .0664587 .478423 0.14 0.890 -.8712332 1.004151 gdp | .1310727 .0285848 4.59 0.000 .0750474 .1870979 _IpXgdp_1 | -.1260593 .0314445 -4.01 0.000 -.1876895 -.0644292 pop | -.1448165 .0661421 -2.19 0.029 -.2744527 -.0151804 _IpXpop_1 | .0465314 .0312225 1.49 0.136 -.0146635 .1077263 gtime | .0379113 .0318652 1.19 0.234 -.0245433 .1003659 _IpXgtime_1 | -.0429794 .0447778 -0.96 0.337 -.1307422 .0447834 oil | -.0105613 .0089453 -1.18 0.238 -.0280939 .0069712 _IpXoil_1 | .0240902 .0114585 2.10 0.036 .001632 .0465485 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 35.393 Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weak identification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 18.079 Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 7.03 15% maximal IV size 4.58 20% maximal IV size 3.95 25% maximal IV size 3.63 Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission. NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000 (equation exactly identified) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Instrumented: legis pXlegis Included instruments: _Ip_1 gdp _IpXgdp_1 pop _IpXpop_1 gtime _IpXgtime_1 oil _IpXoil_1 Excluded instruments: inherit pXinherit Partialled-out: _Iyear_1961 _Iyear_1962 _Iyear_1963 _Iyear_1964 _Iyear_1965 _Iyear_1966 _Iyear_1967 _Iyear_1968 _Iyear_1969 _Iyear_1970 _Iyear_1971 _Iyear_1972 _Iyear_1973 _Iyear_1974 _Iyear_1975 _Iyear_1976 _Iyear_1977 _Iyear_1978 _Iyear_1979 _Iyear_1980 _Iyear_1981 _Iyear_1982 _Iyear_1983 _Iyear_1984 _Iyear_1985 _Iyear_1986 _Iyear_1987 _Iyear_1988 _Iyear_1989 _Iyear_1990 _Iyear_1991 _Iyear_1992 _Iyear_1993 _Iyear_1994 _Iyear_1995 _Iyear_1996 _Iyear_1997 _Iyear_1998 _Iyear_1999 _Iyear_2000 _Iyear_2001 _Iyear_2002 _Iyear_2003 _Iyear_2004 _Iyear_2005 nb: small-sample adjustments account for partialled-out variables Duplicates: _Ip_1 Dropped collinear: _Iyear_2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . est store allIV4 . lincom legis + pXlegis ( 1) legis + pXlegis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1162053 .1001946 -1.16 0.246 -.3125832 .0801726 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . estout allIV1 allIV2 allIV3 allIV4 using AppendixTableB3.tex, cells(b( > star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par fmt(%9.2f))) stats(widstat N) style(tex) replace label starlevels(+ 0 > .10 * 0.05 ** 0.01) title(\label{Atab1}) \label{Atab1} & allIV1 & allIV2 & allIV3 & allIV4 \\ & b/se & b/se & b/se & b/se \\ legis & -0.265**& -0.367**& -0.283**& -0.397**\\ & (0.09) & (0.14) & (0.10) & (0.15) \\ p==1 & -0.157 & -0.416 & 0.428 & 0.066 \\ & (0.35) & (0.41) & (0.39) & (0.48) \\ gdp & 0.101**& 0.101**& 0.128**& 0.131**\\ & (0.02) & (0.02) & (0.03) & (0.03) \\ (p==1)*gdp & -0.068* & -0.081**& -0.116**& -0.126**\\ & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.03) & (0.03) \\ pop & -0.157* & -0.156* & -0.145* & -0.145* \\ & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.07) \\ (p==1)*pop & 0.038 & 0.058* & 0.021 & 0.047 \\ & (0.02) & (0.03) & (0.02) & (0.03) \\ gtime & 0.015 & 0.035 & 0.015 & 0.038 \\ & (0.02) & (0.03) & (0.02) & (0.03) \\ (p==1)*gtime & 0.019 & -0.039 & 0.024 & -0.043 \\ & (0.02) & (0.04) & (0.02) & (0.04) \\ pXlegis & & 0.248 & & 0.281 \\ & & (0.17) & & (0.18) \\ oil & & & -0.007 & -0.011 \\ & & & (0.01) & (0.01) \\ (p==1)*oil & & & 0.028* & 0.024* \\ & & & (0.01) & (0.01) \\ widstat & 83.530 & 20.598 & 72.306 & 18.079 \\ N & 2948.000 & 2948.000 & 2886.000 & 2886.000 \\ . . *Expand sample to include observations where oil rents is missing . global c = "gdp pop gtime" . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0104614 .0238105 -0.44 0.660 -.0571829 .03626 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0993277 .0261944 -3.79 0.000 -.1507052 -.0479502 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . *Largest possible sample given legislature and expropriation data . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year gtime legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0265431 .0213592 -1.24 0.214 -.0684482 .015362 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year gtime legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0601198 .022871 -2.63 0.009 -.1049707 -.0152688 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *Test Hajzler oil . global c = "gdp pop gtime oil" . xi: qui reg oilany i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilany | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | .013779 .0158897 0.87 0.386 -.0174005 .0449585 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg oilany i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilany | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0514389 .0183156 -2.81 0.005 -.0873637 -.0155141 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: logit oilany time time2 i.cow $c i.p*legis, cluster(geddes_case) i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.p _Ip_0-1 (naturally coded; _Ip_0 omitted) i.p*legis _IpXlegis_# (coded as above) note: _Icowcode_42 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_42 dropped and 16 obs not used note: _Icowcode_70 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_70 dropped and 40 obs not used note: _Icowcode_90 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_90 dropped and 35 obs not used note: _Icowcode_91 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_91 dropped and 17 obs not used note: _Icowcode_92 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_92 dropped and 34 obs not used note: _Icowcode_93 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_93 dropped and 30 obs not used note: _Icowcode_140 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_140 dropped and 21 obs not used note: _Icowcode_150 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_150 dropped and 33 obs not used note: _Icowcode_155 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_155 dropped and 16 obs not used note: _Icowcode_165 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_165 dropped and 11 obs not used note: _Icowcode_230 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_230 dropped and 16 obs not used note: _Icowcode_235 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_235 dropped and 14 obs not used note: _Icowcode_290 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_290 dropped and 19 obs not used note: _Icowcode_310 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_310 dropped and 20 obs not used note: _Icowcode_339 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_339 dropped and 21 obs not used note: _Icowcode_350 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_350 dropped and 7 obs not used note: _Icowcode_355 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_355 dropped and 20 obs not used note: _Icowcode_360 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_360 dropped and 29 obs not used note: _Icowcode_370 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_370 dropped and 12 obs not used note: _Icowcode_371 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_371 dropped and 11 obs not used note: _Icowcode_372 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_372 dropped and 10 obs not used note: _Icowcode_404 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_404 dropped and 25 obs not used note: _Icowcode_432 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_432 dropped and 31 obs not used note: _Icowcode_433 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_433 dropped and 40 obs not used note: _Icowcode_435 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_435 dropped and 46 obs not used note: _Icowcode_436 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_436 dropped and 34 obs not used note: _Icowcode_437 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_437 dropped and 46 obs not used note: _Icowcode_438 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_438 dropped and 46 obs not used note: _Icowcode_451 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_451 dropped and 30 obs not used note: _Icowcode_461 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_461 dropped and 42 obs not used note: _Icowcode_471 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_471 dropped and 46 obs not used note: _Icowcode_483 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_483 dropped and 43 obs not used note: _Icowcode_510 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_510 dropped and 42 obs not used note: _Icowcode_516 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_516 dropped and 38 obs not used note: _Icowcode_517 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_517 dropped and 44 obs not used note: _Icowcode_520 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_520 dropped and 21 obs not used note: _Icowcode_531 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_531 dropped and 13 obs not used note: _Icowcode_552 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_552 dropped and 26 obs not used note: _Icowcode_553 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_553 dropped and 30 obs not used note: _Icowcode_560 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_560 dropped and 34 obs not used note: _Icowcode_570 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_570 dropped and 23 obs not used note: _Icowcode_572 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_572 dropped and 36 obs not used note: _Icowcode_616 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_616 dropped and 45 obs not used note: _Icowcode_640 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_640 dropped and 4 obs not used note: _Icowcode_663 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_663 dropped and 46 obs not used note: _Icowcode_700 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_700 dropped and 27 obs not used note: _Icowcode_702 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_702 dropped and 13 obs not used note: _Icowcode_703 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_703 dropped and 13 obs not used note: _Icowcode_704 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_704 dropped and 15 obs not used note: _Icowcode_705 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_705 dropped and 13 obs not used note: _Icowcode_712 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_712 dropped and 23 obs not used note: _Icowcode_732 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_732 dropped and 26 obs not used note: _Icowcode_770 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_770 dropped and 30 obs not used note: _Icowcode_780 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_780 dropped and 16 obs not used note: _Icowcode_800 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_800 dropped and 26 obs not used note: _Icowcode_811 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_811 dropped and 36 obs not used note: _Icowcode_812 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_812 dropped and 31 obs not used note: _Icowcode_830 != 0 predicts failure perfectly _Icowcode_830 dropped and 41 obs not used note: _Icowcode_55 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_95 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_101 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_110 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_115 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_160 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_265 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_315 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_341 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_345 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_346 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_352 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_359 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_402 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_403 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_411 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_439 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_452 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_484 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_522 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_565 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_571 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_581 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_591 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_660 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_680 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_692 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_694 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_710 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_713 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_731 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_760 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_775 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_781 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_816 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_817 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_835 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_950 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_955 omitted because of collinearity note: _Icowcode_990 omitted because of collinearity Iteration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -261.68009 Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -251.54902 Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -230.68259 Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -223.61348 (backed up) Iteration 4: log pseudolikelihood = -201.95323 Iteration 5: log pseudolikelihood = -193.35433 Iteration 6: log pseudolikelihood = -188.14331 Iteration 7: log pseudolikelihood = -187.578 Iteration 8: log pseudolikelihood = -187.55788 Iteration 9: log pseudolikelihood = -187.55389 Iteration 10: log pseudolikelihood = -187.55297 Iteration 11: log pseudolikelihood = -187.55275 Iteration 12: log pseudolikelihood = -187.5527 Iteration 13: log pseudolikelihood = -187.55269 Logistic regression Number of obs = 1313 Wald chi2(26) = . Prob > chi2 = . Log pseudolikelihood = -187.55269 Pseudo R2 = 0.2833 (Std. Err. adjusted for 86 clusters in geddes_casename) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Robust oilany | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] --------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- time | .2923809 .1840924 1.59 0.112 -.0684335 .6531954 time2 | -.0043527 .0034081 -1.28 0.202 -.0110324 .002327 _Icowcode_41 | 6.238416 2.812282 2.22 0.027 .726444 11.75039 _Icowcode_42 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_55 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_70 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_90 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_91 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_92 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_93 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_95 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_101 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_110 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_115 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_130 | 11.43596 1.803062 6.34 0.000 7.902027 14.9699 _Icowcode_135 | 19.3225 2.501427 7.72 0.000 14.41979 24.22521 _Icowcode_140 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_145 | 5.700406 2.640246 2.16 0.031 .5256187 10.87519 _Icowcode_150 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_155 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_160 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_165 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_230 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_235 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_265 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_290 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_310 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_315 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_339 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_341 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_345 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_346 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_350 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_352 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_355 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_359 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_360 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_365 | 43.68608 9.938575 4.40 0.000 24.20683 63.16533 _Icowcode_370 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_371 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_372 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_373 | 10.10369 2.463888 4.10 0.000 5.274553 14.93282 _Icowcode_402 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_403 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_404 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_411 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_420 | -16.08809 10.52204 -1.53 0.126 -36.71091 4.534724 _Icowcode_432 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_433 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_434 | 1.455253 4.299513 0.34 0.735 -6.971638 9.882143 _Icowcode_435 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_436 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_437 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_438 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_439 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_450 | -4.331631 6.58742 -0.66 0.511 -17.24274 8.579475 _Icowcode_451 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_452 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_461 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_471 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_475 | 37.78469 8.095265 4.67 0.000 21.91826 53.65112 _Icowcode_481 | -17.60908 10.52785 -1.67 0.094 -38.24328 3.025127 _Icowcode_482 | -3.39321 5.746161 -0.59 0.555 -14.65548 7.869059 _Icowcode_483 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_484 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_490 | 24.49601 4.356769 5.62 0.000 15.9569 33.03512 _Icowcode_500 | 16.78616 2.225062 7.54 0.000 12.42512 21.1472 _Icowcode_501 | 19.59131 2.25476 8.69 0.000 15.17206 24.01056 _Icowcode_510 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_516 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_517 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_520 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_522 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_530 | 28.54174 6.055306 4.71 0.000 16.67356 40.40992 _Icowcode_531 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_540 | 9.606305 2.114028 4.54 0.000 5.462887 13.74972 _Icowcode_541 | 19.08694 1.942698 9.82 0.000 15.27932 22.89456 _Icowcode_551 | 9.471472 2.463191 3.85 0.000 4.643707 14.29924 _Icowcode_552 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_553 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_560 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_565 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_570 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_571 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_572 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_580 | 13.23067 1.810929 7.31 0.000 9.681311 16.78002 _Icowcode_581 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_591 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_600 | 20.88648 3.054886 6.84 0.000 14.89901 26.87395 _Icowcode_615 | 20.88554 2.692904 7.76 0.000 15.60754 26.16353 _Icowcode_616 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_620 | -4.192671 5.873586 -0.71 0.475 -15.70469 7.319346 _Icowcode_625 | 22.16222 2.953411 7.50 0.000 16.37364 27.9508 _Icowcode_630 | 24.90911 5.066947 4.92 0.000 14.97808 34.84014 _Icowcode_640 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_645 | 15.57919 1.731256 9.00 0.000 12.18599 18.97239 _Icowcode_651 | 31.48511 6.157298 5.11 0.000 19.41703 43.55319 _Icowcode_652 | 11.72164 1.67632 6.99 0.000 8.436115 15.00717 _Icowcode_660 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_663 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_670 | 6.183257 2.719237 2.27 0.023 .85365 11.51286 _Icowcode_678 | 17.5604 2.03014 8.65 0.000 13.5814 21.5394 _Icowcode_680 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_690 | -16.12305 9.816491 -1.64 0.100 -35.36302 3.116919 _Icowcode_692 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_694 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_696 | -23.29618 12.44351 -1.87 0.061 -47.68502 1.092659 _Icowcode_698 | -16.74761 9.894908 -1.69 0.091 -36.14127 2.646057 _Icowcode_700 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_701 | 4.081513 4.311732 0.95 0.344 -4.369327 12.53235 _Icowcode_702 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_703 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_704 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_705 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_710 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_712 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_713 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_731 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_732 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_760 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_770 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_771 | 39.78806 8.856723 4.49 0.000 22.4292 57.14691 _Icowcode_775 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_780 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_781 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_790 | 18.07877 2.608576 6.93 0.000 12.96606 23.19149 _Icowcode_800 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_811 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_812 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_816 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_817 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_820 | 17.16373 1.829377 9.38 0.000 13.57821 20.74924 _Icowcode_830 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_835 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_840 | 32.40337 6.4166 5.05 0.000 19.82706 44.97967 _Icowcode_850 | 44.21664 10.99642 4.02 0.000 22.66405 65.76922 _Icowcode_950 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_955 | 0 (omitted) _Icowcode_990 | 0 (omitted) gdp | 1.032114 .6844913 1.51 0.132 -.3094642 2.373692 pop | -11.55149 3.887729 -2.97 0.003 -19.1713 -3.931681 gtime | .3907808 .5172169 0.76 0.450 -.6229457 1.404507 oil | .1777393 .1463497 1.21 0.225 -.1091009 .4645794 _Ip_1 | .4987511 .848685 0.59 0.557 -1.164641 2.162143 legis | -1.961428 .7217017 -2.72 0.007 -3.375937 -.5469184 _IpXlegis_1 | 1.594115 .8939711 1.78 0.075 -.1580362 3.346266 _cons | 155.7207 58.85686 2.65 0.008 40.36338 271.078 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: 15 failures and 0 successes completely determined. . lincom legis ( 1) [oilany]legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilany | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -1.961428 .7217017 -2.72 0.007 -3.375937 -.5469184 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lincom legis + _IpXlegis_1 ( 1) [oilany]legis + [oilany]_IpXlegis_1 = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oilany | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.3673127 .616642 -0.60 0.551 -1.575909 .8412833 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *pre-1980 --- no results . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=. & year<1980, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0128596 .0354513 -0.36 0.717 -.0824225 .0567034 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1 & year<1980, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0233428 .0561192 -0.42 0.678 -.1337107 .087025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0& year<1980, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0144797 .0522653 -0.28 0.782 -.1171049 .0881454 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . *post-1979 . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=. & year>=1980, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0571281 .0161816 -3.53 0.000 -.0888674 -.0253888 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1 & year>=1980 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0324365 .0204101 -1.59 0.112 -.0725132 .0076401 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0 & year>=1980 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0942813 .0284385 -3.32 0.001 -.1500954 -.0384672 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . *pre-1990 (Reported in Appendix Table B-4) . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=. & year<1990, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0399552 .0213981 -1.87 0.062 -.081923 .0020126 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1 & year<1990 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0031453 .0330432 -0.10 0.924 -.0680409 .0617503 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0 & year<1990, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0762754 .0333748 -2.29 0.022 -.1417583 -.0107924 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . *post-1989 (Reported in Appendix Table B-4) . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p~=. & year>=1990, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0490074 .0275505 -1.78 0.076 -.1030808 .005066 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==1 & year>=1990 , r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.0312677 .029633 -1.06 0.292 -.0895176 .0269821 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . xi: qui reg take i.cow i.year $c legis if p==0 & year>=1990, r i.cowcode _Icowcode_40-990 (naturally coded; _Icowcode_40 omitted) i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted) . lincom legis ( 1) legis = 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ take | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- (1) | -.1566335 .0731967 -2.14 0.033 -.3005051 -.0127619 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . ********** THE END *********** . . log close name: log: C:\Users\jwright\Documents\My Dropbox\Research\Authoritarian legislature\WilsonWrig > ht\Data files\Replication WilsonWright BJPS\expropriation.log log type: text closed on: 28 Jan 2015, 17:18:31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------